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Dendritic cell vaccination for cancer therapy

“…In non-melanocytic tumors of the skin such as basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, DCs are present but con¯icting data exist if DC numbers are reduced or increased in these tumors (Nestle and Nickolo , 1994). Several histological studies in human cancers like squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, colorectal adenocarcinoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, and recently lung carcinoma suggested that patients with high numbers of DC present in the tumor survived longer than patients with few or no DC in the tumor (Becker, 1993). There is also mounting evidence that dendritic cell expression of co-stimulatory molecules, maturation and antigen presenting function might be subverted by the tumor (Almand et al, 2000;Bell et al, 1999;Enk et al, 1997;Gabrilovich et al, 1996;Nestle et al, 1997).…”

Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment

“…The data on functional impairments of TADC have to be balanced by numerous reports in the literature, which suggest that the presence of DCs in tumors is associated with improved prognosis [64,65]. DC infiltrations into tumors have been associated with significantly prolonged patient survival, and reduced incidence of recurrent or metastatic disease in patients with bladder, lung, laryngeal, oral, gastric and nasopharyngeal carcinomas [66±72].…”