Public stigma of obsessive compulsive disorder and schizophrenic disorder: Is there really any difference?

Durna, Gülşah; Yorulmaz, Orçun; Aktaç, Ayça

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.065

Cited by 19 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This means that a prediction model needs to be "context-aware", and offers useful insights into the design of wearable-based interventions (e.g., nudges). However, it remains unclear whether the results in less-favored scenarios and anticipatory notifications reflect opposition to potentially intrusive notifications, or to social stigmas surrounding BFRBs [12].…”

Section: Discussion 81 Main Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipatory Detection of Compulsive Body-focused Repetitive Behaviors with Wearables

Searle

Spathis

Constantinides

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction

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Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs), like face-touching or skin-picking, are hand-driven behaviors which can damage one's appearance, if not identified early and treated. Technology for automatic detection is still under-explored, with few previous works being limited to wearables with single modalities (e.g., motion). Here, we propose a multi-sensory approach combining motion, orientation, and heart rate sensors to detect BFRBs. We conducted a feasibility study in which participants (N=10) were exposed to BFRBs-inducing tasks, and analyzed 380 mins of signals 1 under an extensive evaluation of sensing modalities, cross-validation methods, and observation windows. Our models achieved an AUC > 0.90 in distinguishing BFRBs, which were more evident in observation windows 5 mins prior to the behavior as opposed to 1-min ones. In a follow-up qualitative survey, we found that not only the timing of detection matters but also models need to be context-aware, when designing just-in-time interventions to prevent BFRBs. CCS CONCEPTS• Human-centered computing → Ubiquitous and mobile computing; Ubiquitous and mobile computing design and evaluation methods.

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Section: Discussion 81 Main Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipatory Detection of Compulsive Body-focused Repetitive Behaviors with Wearables

Searle

Spathis

Constantinides

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction

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“…Probably not. Previous research has shown in different samples (i.e., students, adults, or even clinicians) that OCD contamination and order/ symmetry modalities are recognized more than others (30,34,52,68), and that sexual or aggressive thoughts are associated with higher stigmatizing attitudes, social distance, and rejection than other OCD modalities [e.g., (30,60,68,74)]. Future research should assess the effectiveness of intervention programs that present OCD as a heterogeneous disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These questions and the response options were chosen because they have been shown to be relevant in previous studies that assess MHL associated with OCD and explore the variables associated with the delay in seeking treatment (18,20,30,31,33,36,58). Vignettes describing psychological disorders are frequently used in the stigma and MHL literature [e.g., (27,32,59,60)]. This method offers the opportunity to include a concrete and detailed description of the symptoms experienced by a patient suffering from OCD in his/her context, with the real daily life impairment associated with those symptoms.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teachers' Knowledge and Stigmatizing Attitudes Associated With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Effectiveness of a Brief Educational Intervention

et al. 2021

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Because children and adolescents are vulnerable to developing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), classroom teachers play an important role in the early identification and intervention in students with OCD. The present study aims to explore the recognition of OCD, general knowledge about this disorder, implications in the classroom, and stigmatizing attitudes among teachers, as well as the effectiveness of a brief educational intervention about OCD. Participants (n = 95; mean age = 43. 29 years old; 64.3% female) were primary and secondary school teachers who were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. All of them completed a set of self-report questionnaires, read an educational fact sheet (either about OCD in the experimental group or about a healthy diet in the control group), and again completed the questionnaires. Results show that prior to the intervention, most of the teachers identified the contamination and order OCD symptoms described in a vignette as specific to OCD (82.1%) and would recommend talking about the problem (98.9%) and seeking help (94.7%). However, only a few (36.8%) knew about the most effective OCD treatments or identified compulsions as a main OCD symptom (33%). Moreover, only about half of the teachers correctly identified OCD's possible interference in classroom routines, such as delays to achieve perfection or concentration problems, and strategies for dealing with OCD, such as continuing with the class rhythm. Stigma levels were from low to moderate. After the brief educational intervention, participants in the experimental group increased their knowledge about OCD, improved their strategies for managing a student with OCD symptoms, and had fewer stigmatizing attitudes associated with pity (p < 0.05). These changes were not observed in the control group. We can conclude that this brief and easy-to-administer intervention is an effective educational intervention to significantly improve teachers' knowledge and attitudes, at least in the short-term. These results are especially relevant because OCD is associated with high interference and long delays in seeking treatment, and teachers have a unique opportunity to help with prevention, early identification, and recommending an adequate intervention for OCD.

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“…Finally, the biopsychosocial model of behavior suggests that future research needs to consider other possible social contributors to apathy in individuals with OCD (43). Such contributors may include role loss, hopelessness associated with repeated failures, reduced social network, and stigmatization (44).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apathy in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Its Psychological Correlates: Comparison With Individuals With Schizophrenia

Raffard

Capdevielle

Attal

et al. 2020

JNP

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Objective: Apathy, defined as reduced goal-directed behavior, is a frequent symptom in mental and neurological disorders but has been poorly studied in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The primary aim of this study was to examine levels of apathy between individuals with OCD, healthy control subjects, and individuals with schizophrenia, a mental disorder with high levels of apathy. The second aim was to assess whether the psychological factors that have been previously shown as underlying apathy in other mental disorders were associated with apathy in patients with OCD.Methods: This exploratory study included 25 individuals with OCD, 24 individuals with schizophrenia, and 24 healthy control subjects. Apathy was assessed using the Lille Apathy Rating Scale. Measures of depression, sensibility to punishment and reward, defeatist performance beliefs, and cognitive functioning were also assessed.Results: Individuals diagnosed with OCD and schizophrenia scored significantly higher than healthy control subjects on the apathy total score. Levels of apathy among OCD patients were mainly associated with depression but also dysexecutive functioning and defeatist beliefs.Conclusions: These findings suggest that motivational deficits could play a central role in disability caused by OCD. Similar to other mental disorders, various psychological factors, including depression, defeatist beliefs, and dysexecutive functioning, are involved in apathetic manifestations. However, the fact that depression is the variable most associated with apathy indicates that apathetic symptoms in patients with OCD must be considered mainly as secondary rather than primary symptoms.

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Public stigma of obsessive compulsive disorder and schizophrenic disorder: Is there really any difference?

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Anticipatory Detection of Compulsive Body-focused Repetitive Behaviors with Wearables

Anticipatory Detection of Compulsive Body-focused Repetitive Behaviors with Wearables

Teachers' Knowledge and Stigmatizing Attitudes Associated With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Effectiveness of a Brief Educational Intervention

Apathy in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Its Psychological Correlates: Comparison With Individuals With Schizophrenia

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