Public space in the “blue cities” of Russia

Engel, Barbara Alpern

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6053-3_14

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…From a top–down perspective, it has been widely observed that powerful groups in non‐Western societies, much alike to their Western counterparts, work painstakingly to inscribe dominant values and political views into public space. Studies on communist/socialist regimes, for example, suggest that the planning, building and architectural design of grandiose public spaces were/are essential to the showcase of state power (Stanilov, ; Engel, ; Ioan, ; Kurfürst, ). From the erection of colonial and later nationalist symbols in a Taipei park (Allen, ), to the use of public space for assembling the mass and staging political propaganda in Maoist China (Hung, ), and to the initiatives of ‘nationalist urbanism’, which created landscapes of power to represent Jakarta as a unifying force of Indonesian nation (Kusno, ), public space has played an indispensable part in shoring up the political legitimacy of state regimes (also Lavrence, ; Gaubatz, ; Light and Young, ).…”

Section: Spaces Of Appropriationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Space in non‐Western Contexts: Practices of Publicness and the Socio‐spatial Entanglement

Qian

2014

Geography Compass

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In Western traditions, conceptions of public space have been pivotal to ideas and imaginations of civic and political life. Public space is understood as a political forum where ideas and claims are expressed and as a civic arena where identities and differences are rendered visible and thereby acknowledged. Recently, studies on public space have made a timely theoretical move towards theorising the ways in which spatial practices are constitutive of social processes, and contribute to the relational construction of identities and subjectivities. This review focuses on the practices of public space and publicness in non-Western contexts. It engages with the multifarious ways that contingent conceptions of publicness are construed, negotiated and contested in contexts without civic and political conceptualisations of public space conceived in the West. While building on the practice-oriented approach towards public space, this review suggests that f luid and f lexible perspectives and conceptualisations need to be rendered more intelligible and concrete by engaging with the richness of empirical processes taking place in non-Western cities. In cases across the globe, public spaces, in putting together multiple meanings, views, actions and relations, are intrinsically productive of everyday politics and broader socio-cultural transformations.

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Section: Spaces Of Appropriationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Space in non‐Western Contexts: Practices of Publicness and the Socio‐spatial Entanglement

Qian

2014

Geography Compass

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“…In Russia, measures to reduce the role of automobiles were only carried out in megacities such as Moscow and Saint Petersburg, while in most largeand medium-sized cities, personal transport remains the most important means of transportation for the general population (Engel 2007;Ryzkov and Zyuzin 2016;Ksenofontov and Milyakin 2018). This is largely due to the socio-economic and climatic peculiarities of Russia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution status and human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban street dust of Tyumen city, Russia

Konstantinova

Minkina

Konstantinov

et al. 2020

Environ Geochem Health

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This study investigated levels and sources of pollution and potential health risks associated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban street dust collected from Tyumen city, a large transport centre with one of the highest motorization rates in Russia. Twenty street dust samples were collected from four grades of roads in five different land use areas.Research methods included measurements of physical and chemical properties of street dust, concentrations of 18 PTEs using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, 12 PAHs using high-performance liquid chromatography, and statistical analysis of the data. Concentrations of Ni, Cr, Sb, and Mo, as well as medium and high molecular weight PAHs in urban street dust, were notably higher than in soils within the city, which indicates that transport is the main source of these elements. Concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn, and As in street dust of Tyumen were lower compared to many large cities, while Cr, Ni, and Co were higher. Concentrations of PAH were comparable to other large nonindustrial cities. Total contamination of street dust by both PTEs and PAHs showed more robust relationships with the number of roadway lanes rather than land use. The estimated carcinogenic risks were low in 70% of samples and medium in 30% of samples. Noncarcinogenic risks were attributed to exposure to Co, Ni, V, and As. The total noncarcinogenic risk for adults was found to be negligible, while the risk was found to be moderate for children.

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“…(Huyssen, 1984) Vairums pētnieku savos darbos padomju perioda lielmēroga dzīvojamos rajonus vērtē kritiski. (Niit, Kruusavall, Heidments,1981;Pallot, Shaw, 1981;Lefebvre 1991;Angotti 1993;Engel, 2007;Ušča, 2010;Nunan, 2012) Arī lielmēroga dzīvojamie rajoni ārpus PSRS robežām literatūrā atspoguļoti kā ilustrācija neveiksmīgam plānojumam, īpaši akcentējot rajonu lomu sociālās segregācijas procesos. (Coleman, 1990) Liela daļa literatūras par padomju laika lielmēroga dzīvojamajiem rajoniem ir veltīta to vēsturiskajai izpētei, īpaši uzsverot telpiskās organizācijas attīstības gaitu.…”

Section: Annotation Of the Doctoral Thesisunclassified

The Role of the Visual Aesthetic Quality of Public Space in Appropriation Processes of Large-Scale Residential Areas = Lielmēroga dzīvojamo rajonu publiskās ārtelpas vizuāli estētiskās kvalitātes nozīme tās izmantošanas procesos

Kusmane¹

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Agnese Kusmane's (Mg.art.) Doctoral thesis “The Role of the Visual Aesthetic Quality of Public Space in Appropriation Processes of Large-Scale Residential Areas” is based on the topicality of the theme: residents' dissatisfaction with the quality of public space in large-scale residential areas being one of the most important aspects of topicality. The aim of the work is to evaluate the impact of the visual aesthetic quality of public space on the intensity of its appropriation in large-scale residential areas and provide landscape and building architects with the methodological framework for the reconstruction of public spaces in these areas. In order to achieve the aim of the thesis, the following tasks have been carried out: environmental psychology findings on aesthetic quality evaluation connecting metric values, configurational components and space-forming elements have been compiled, creating Matrix of Visual Aesthetic Quality of Space; brief overviews of the history and current state of large-scale residential areas in Riga and Berlin has been provided; a semi-structured interview method has been developed and applied for the study of spatial quality assessment of residents in three large-scale residential areas of Riga, amending the Matrix with data obtained through the semi-structured interviews; the relation between the intensity of public space appropriation and the landscape design and spatial organization in Berlin residential areas has been studied with the observation methods, controlling and refining the Matrix of Visual Aesthetic Quality of Space; a method for measuring spatial quality based on the Matrix has been developed. Several methods have been used in the work, including the monographic, semi-structured interview, deduction, participatory observation. There are four chapters in the work. The first chapter analyses the literature dedicated to the research of spatial quality, its impact on the intensity of outdoor appropriation. Based on the findings of environmental psychology, a category-based initial version of the Matrix of Visual Aesthetic Quality of Space is developed. The Matrix correlates the assessment of the visual aesthetic quality of the public space and the expected intensity of appropriation. The first chapter concludes with the development of methodological steps aimed at improving and refining the Matrix. The second chapter examines large-scale residential areas of Riga and Berlin from a historical and contemporary perspective. The demographic characteristics of the population are also considered. In the second chapter, it is concluded that residential areas of Riga and Berlin are compatible for studying the impact of public visual aesthetic quality on the intensity of its appropriation, and the data can be converted into the Matrix. In the third chapter, the assessment of public space quality is performed through the initial version of the Matrix, finding out which spatial categories are represented in large-scale residential areas in Riga and Berlin. Further, semi-structured interviews are conducted in residential areas of Riga on the relation between the aesthetic quality of public space and the expected intensity of appropriation, the interview data are included in the Matrix, improving it. At the end of the chapter, observations are carried out focused on relation between the visual aesthetic quality of public space and the intensity of appropriation in Berlin; the obtained data is integrated into the Matrix of Visual Aesthetic Quality of Space, specifying it. The fourth chapter discusses the findings of the work on the relationship between the assessment of the visual aesthetic quality of the public space and the intensity of its appropriation. At the beginning of the chapter, the relation between the metric values, configurational components and space-forming elements of different spatial categories included in the Matrix and the intensity of outdoor appropriation is analysed in detail. Further, the chapter discusses the role of the blue-green structure in the context of public space appropriation forecasting. The fourth chapter concludes with methodological recommendations for the application of the Matrix of Visual esthetic Quality of Space. The paper concludes that the intensity of outdoor appropriation can be most accurately predicted in outdoor areas dominated by blue-green structure. The thesis consists of 172 pages. The thesis includes 30 tables, 80 figures, 3 appendices and 372 sources.

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Public space in the “blue cities” of Russia

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Public Space in non‐Western Contexts: Practices of Publicness and the Socio‐spatial Entanglement

Public Space in non‐Western Contexts: Practices of Publicness and the Socio‐spatial Entanglement

Pollution status and human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban street dust of Tyumen city, Russia

The Role of the Visual Aesthetic Quality of Public Space in Appropriation Processes of Large-Scale Residential Areas = Lielmēroga dzīvojamo rajonu publiskās ārtelpas vizuāli estētiskās kvalitātes nozīme tās izmantošanas procesos

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