Public Smoking Bans, Youth Access Laws, and Cigarette Sales at Vending Machines

Abstract

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One last puff? Public smoking bans and smoking behavior

“…4 Table 1 presents the dates that individual state laws were enforced and documents the scope of the different smoking bans in each of Germany's sixteen federal states. Baden-Wuerttemberg was the first to implement a state smoking ban (in August 2007 Kvasnicka (2010) reports that smoking bans in Germany varied not only in their pre-announced enforcement dates, violations of which were fined, but also in their formal introduction dates. For example, in Brandenburg, a state smoking ban was introduced in January 2008.…”

“…The New York Times on July 31, 2008). Yet, first empirical evidence suggests that cigarette sales at vending machines in bars and restaurants declined, on average, by 15 percent following the introduction of state smoking bans in Germany (Kvasnicka, 2010).…”

Goodbye Smokers’ Corner

“…While Chaloupka and Warner (2000) provide a comprehensive overview of the economics of smoking, more specific studies related to smoking behavior have investigated, i.a., the effects of price changes induced by excise taxes on cigarette consumption (e.g., Wasserman et al, 1991;Becker et al, 1994;Yurekli and Zhang, 2000;Tauras, 2006), the impact of legal restrictions on youth access to tobacco products (Chaloupka and Grossman, 1996;Gruber and Zinman, 2001;Kvasnicka, 2010), the effects of anti-smoking interventions on hospitalization (e.g., Sargent et al, 2004;Shetty et al, 2010;Marlow, 2012;Sargent et al, 2012;Adams et al, 2013;Kvasnicka et al, 2016), or the effects of public smoking bans on the exposure of non-smokers to second-hand smoke (Jiménez-Ruiz et al, 2008;Carpenter, 2009;Adda and Cornaglia, 2010). More closely related to our study are papers exploring the effects of workplace smoking bans.…”

The Intergenerational Consequences of Tobacco Policy: A Review of Policy's Influence on Maternal Smoking and Child Health

“…Similar in spirit are a number of so-called falsification tests. Some studies estimate the effect of imposing "false" policy implementation dates; for example, both Bharadwaj, Johnsen, and Løken (2014) and Kvasnicka (2010) estimate the effect of fictional bans put in place during a control (nonban) period and show that there do not exist similar breaks in outcomes between treatment and control areas in periods other than those specific to ban implementation. Similar checks can be performed by falsely assigning "treatment" status to "control" areas without antismoking 64 Highly related to the issue of avoidance is the choice of time window around the policy implementation to include in the estimation sample.…”