Public Perceptions of Mangrove Forests Matter for Their Conservation

Dahdouh‐Guebas, Farid; Ajonina, Gordon N.; Amir, Ahmad Aldrie; Andradi-Brown, Dominic A.; Aziz, Irfan; Balke, Thorsten; Barbier, Edward B.; Cannicci, Stefano; Cragg, Simon M.; Cunha-Lignon, Marília; Curnick, David J.; Duarte, Carlos M.; Duke, Norman C.; Endsor, Charlie; Fratini, Sara; Feller, Ilka C.; Fromard, François; Hugé, Jean; Huxham, Mark; Kairo, James G.; Kajita, Tadashi; Kathiresan, K.; Koedam, Nico; Lee, Joe; Lin, Hsing‐Juh; Mackenzie, Jock R.; Mangora, Mwita M.; Marchand, Cyril; Méziane, Tarik; Minchinton, Todd E.; Pettorelli, Nathalie; Polanía, Jaime; Polgar, Gianluca; Poti, Meenakshi; Primavera, Jurgenne H.; Quarto, Alfredo; Rog, Stefanie M.; Satyanarayana, Behara; Schaeffer-Novelli, Yara; Spalding, Mark; Stocken, Tom Van der; Wodehouse, Dominic; Yong, Jean Wan Hong; Zimmer, Martin; Friess, Daniel A.

doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.603651

Cited by 34 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It would be unrealistic to think of stopping mangrove exploitation in Kenya, and by extension in other developing countries where mangroves are exploited for wood and nonwood resources. This conclusion is based on the fact that mangroves are lifelines for millions of coastal communities around the world (Dahdouh-Guebas et al, 2020). In Kenya, for instance, at least 70% of the wood requirement of adjacent communities is met by mangrove forests (GoK, 2017a).…”

Section: Economic Costs Of Avoided Mangrove Deforestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Ecosystem Carbon Stocks of Mangroves in Lamu, Kenya; and Their Potential Contributions to the Climate Change Agenda in the Country

Kairo

Mbatha

Murithi

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Mangroves are carbon-rich ecosystems found in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. However, they are threatened by a combination of natural and human-induced factors. When mangroves are lost or degraded, their co-benefits to human society are greatly diminished along with the ecosystem’s ability to sequester carbon. The current study assessed mangrove cover and cover change, as well as measuring carbon stocks and their emissions levels from the mangroves of Lamu County, Kenya. We sampled above-and below-ground carbon pools, including soil organic carbon (SOC), in 191 plots distributed throughout the study area. Lastly, we evaluated the economics of avoiding mangrove deforestation based on the carbon-offset market. The total carbon stock of mangroves in Lamu was estimated at 20 million Mg C, with an average density of 560.22 ± 79.79 Mg C ha–1. Southern swamps recorded significantly higher carbon densities (p < 0.05) than other mangrove management blocks in Lamu. At least 1,739 ha of mangroves in Lamu were lost between 1990 and 2019 due to anthropogenic activities, representing a decline of 60 ha yr–1. Total emissions from loss and degradation of mangroves in Lamu is estimated at 140.1 Mg C ha–1; which translates to 30,840.1 Mg CO2e yr–1. Assuming an offset price of US$10/Mg CO2e, the estimated costs of avoided emissions in Lamu is US$308,401 yr–1 plus other co-benefits such as fishery functions and shoreline protection. Mainstreaming mangroves and associated blue carbon ecosystems into national development and climate change agenda could accelerate Kenya’s achievements of both Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement.

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Section: Economic Costs Of Avoided Mangrove Deforestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Ecosystem Carbon Stocks of Mangroves in Lamu, Kenya; and Their Potential Contributions to the Climate Change Agenda in the Country

Kairo

Mbatha

Murithi

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…The mangrove species occupying different environmental gradients in a habitat serve collectively for land building, coastal protection, water quality improvement, phytoremediation, carbon sequestration, breeding or nursery ground to various aquatic and terrestrial fauna (Donato et al, 2011;Cohen et al, 2013;Analuddin et al, 2017;del Valle et al, 2020;Osland et al, 2020;Kathiresan et al, 2021). Due to the increased public awareness and extensive mangrove plantation schemes in recent years, the (average) annual loss of global mangrove cover declined to 2-4% and opened the doors for conservation optimism (Dahdouh-Guebas et al, 2020;Friess et al, 2020). Contemporary mangrove forest areas took shape historically and their genetic connectivity depends on seafaring propagules, subsequent establishment, and persistence in suitable environments (Van der Stocken et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barrier to Gene Flow of Grey Mangrove Avicennia marina Populations in the Malay Peninsula as Revealed From Nuclear Microsatellites and Chloroplast Haplotypes

Triest¹,

Satyanarayana²,

Delange³

et al. 2021

Front. Conserv. Sci.

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Contemporary mangrove forest areas took shape historically and their genetic connectivity depends on sea-faring propagules, subsequent settlement, and persistence in suitable environments. Mangrove species world-wide may experience genetic breaks caused by major land barriers or opposing ocean currents influencing their population genetic structure. For Malay Peninsula, several aquatic species showed strong genetic differentiation between East and West coast regions due to the Sunda shelf flooding since the Last Glacial Maximum. In this study genetic diversity and structure of Avicennia marina populations in Malay Peninsula were assessed using nuclear microsatellite markers and chloroplast sequences. Even though all populations showed identical morphological features of A. marina, three evolutionary significant units were obtained with nuclear and cytoplasmic markers. Avicennia marina along a 586 km stretch of the West coast differed strongly from populations along an 80 km stretch of the East coast featuring chloroplast capture of Avicennia alba in an introgressive A. marina. Over and above this expected East-West division, an intra-regional subdivision was detected among A. marina populations in the narrowest region of the Strait of Malacca. The latter genetic break was supported by an amova, structure, and barrier analysis whereas RST > FST indicated an evolutionary signal of long-lasting divergence. Two different haplotypes along the Western coast showed phylogeographic relationship with either a northern or a putative southern lineage, thereby assuming two Avicennia sources facing each other during Holocene occupation with prolonged separation in the Strait of Malacca. Migrate-n model testing supported a northward unidirectional stepping-stone migration route, although with an unclear directionality at the genetic break position, most likely due to weak oceanic currents. Low levels of genetic diversity and southward connectivity was detected for East coast Avicennia populations. We compared the fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS) of Avicennia populations along the exposed coast in the East vs. the sheltered coast in the West. A majority of transects from both coastlines revealed no within-site kinship-based FSGS, although the remoteness of the open sea is important for Avicennia patches to maintain a neighborhood. The results provide new insights for mangrove researchers and managers for future in-depth ecological-genetic-based species conservation efforts in Malay Peninsula.

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“…The significance and conservation of mangrove forests rely on their economic, social and ecological service values [1][2][3]. Mangroves are among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics [4][5][6] and can function as phytoremediators [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing Original and Non-Original Stands at the Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve (P.R. China): Remote Sensing and GIS for Conservation and Ecological Research

et al. 2021

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The present research developed a novel methodological framework to differentiate natural mangrove stands (i.e., original), from stands which were planted and stands naturally established after interaction between planted and non-planted stands (e.g., through pollination, i.e., non-original). Ground-truth and remote sensing data were collected for Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve (ZMNNR) in P.R. China. First, satellite images of Corona (1967) and GeoEye-1 (2009) were overlaid to identify original (1967) and non-original (2009) mangrove stands. Second, in both stands a total of 75 in situ plots (25 m2) were measured for ground-truthing of tree structural parameters including height, density, basal area and Complexity Index (CI). From temporal satellite data, we identify 236.12 ha of original mangrove and 567.88 ha of non-original mangrove in the reserve. Averaged measurements of the original mangrove stands, i.e., stem density (1164 nos. 0.1 ha−1), basal area (90.3 m2 0.1 ha−1) and CI (100.59), indicated that they were in a state of maturity and less disturbed compared to the non-original mangroves (density, 1241 nos. 0.1 ha−1; basal area, 4.92 m2 0.1 ha−1 and CI, 55.65). The Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant differentiation between the original and non-original mangrove tree structural parameters: Kandelia obovata’s density, X2 = 34.78, d.f. = 1, p = 0.001; basal area, X2 = 108.15, d.f. = 1, p = 0.001; Rizhopora stylosa’s density, X2 = 64.03, d.f. = 1, p = 0.001; basal area, X2 = 117.96, d.f. = 1, p = 0.001. The latter is also evident from the clustering plots generated from the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Vegetation dynamics at the ZMNNR also enabled us to compare the species composition and distribution patterns with other Indo-West Pacific regions. Overall, the present study not only highlights the advantage of >50 years old satellite data but also provide a benchmark for future ecological research, conservation and management of the ZMNNR.

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Public Perceptions of Mangrove Forests Matter for Their Conservation

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Total Ecosystem Carbon Stocks of Mangroves in Lamu, Kenya; and Their Potential Contributions to the Climate Change Agenda in the Country

Total Ecosystem Carbon Stocks of Mangroves in Lamu, Kenya; and Their Potential Contributions to the Climate Change Agenda in the Country

Barrier to Gene Flow of Grey Mangrove Avicennia marina Populations in the Malay Peninsula as Revealed From Nuclear Microsatellites and Chloroplast Haplotypes

Distinguishing Original and Non-Original Stands at the Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve (P.R. China): Remote Sensing and GIS for Conservation and Ecological Research

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