Public health might be endangered by possible prolonged discharge of SARS-CoV-2 in stool

“…The findings of SARS-CoV-2 on fecal samples have raised concerns and multiple questions. Although direct droplet transmission is an essential route of transmission, fecal excretion, environmental contamination, and fomites might contribute to viral transmission (251)(252)(253)(254). Considering the evidence of fecal excretion for both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and their ability to remain viable in conditions that could facilitate fecal-oral transmission, it is possible that SARS-CoV-2 could also be transmitted via this route.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Sars-cov-2 (Covid-19)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The possibility of fecaloral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has implications, especially in areas with poor sanitation. Coronaviruses are susceptible to antiseptics containing ethanol, and disinfectants containing chlorine or bleach (251)(252)(253)(254). Strict precautions must be observed when handling the stools of patients infected with coronavirus, and sewage from hospitals should also be adequately disinfected.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Sars-cov-2 (Covid-19)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strict precautions must be observed when handling the stools of patients infected with coronavirus, and sewage from hospitals should also be adequately disinfected. The importance of frequent and proper hand hygiene should be emphasized (251)(252)(253)(254). Future research on the possibility of fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 should include environmental studies to determine whether the virus remains viable in conditions that would favor such transmission.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Sars-cov-2 (Covid-19)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future research on the possibility of fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 should include environmental studies to determine whether the virus remains viable in conditions that would favor such transmission. Study of the enteric involvement and viral excretion of SARS-CoV-2 in feces is required to investigate whether fecal concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA correlate with the severity of the disease and presence or absence of gastrointestinal symptoms and whether fecal SARS-CoV-2 RNA can also be detected in the incubation or convalescence phases of COVID-19 (251)(252)(253)(254).…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Sars-cov-2 (Covid-19)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 – COVID-19

Dhama¹,

Sharun²,

Tiwari³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In the past decades, several new diseases have emerged in new geographical areas, with pathogens including Ebola, Zika, Nipah, and coronaviruses (CoVs). Recently, a new type of viral infection has emerged in Wuhan City, China, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus does not match with previously sequenced CoVs, suggesting a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV), which has now been termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is suspected to originate from an animal host (zoonotic origin) followed by human-to-human transmission, the possibility of other routes such as food-borne transmission should not be ruled out. Compared to diseases caused by previously known human CoVs, COVID-19 shows less severe pathogenesis but higher transmission competence, as is evident from the continuously increasing number of confirmed cases globally. Compared to other emerging viruses such as Ebola virus, avian H7N9, SARS-CoV, or MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 has shown relatively low pathogenicity and moderate transmissibility. Codon usage studies suggest that this novel virus may have been transferred from an animal source such as bats. Early diagnosis by real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing has facilitated the identification of the pathogen at an early stage. Since, no antiviral drug or vaccine exists to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2, potential therapeutic strategies that are currently being evaluated predominantly stem from previous experience with treating SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and other emerging viral diseases. In this review, we address epidemiological, diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects, including perspectives of vaccines and preventive measures that have already been globally recommended.

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Intestinal viral infections of nSARS‐CoV2 in the Indian community: Risk of virus spread in India

Maan

Chaurasia

Kapoor

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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In December 2019, novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (nSARS‐CoV‐2) virus outbreaks emerged from Wuhan, China, and spread all over the world, including India. Molecular diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID) 19 for densely and highly populated countries like India is time‐consuming. A few reports have described the successful diagnosis of nSARS‐CoV‐2 virus from sewage and wastewater samples contaminated with fecal matter, suggesting the diagnosis of COVID 19 from the same to raise an alarm about the community transmission of virus for implementation of evacuation and lockdown strategies. So far, the association between the detection of virus and its concentration in stool samples with severity of the disease and the presence or absence of gastrointestinal symptoms have been rarely reported. We led the search utilizing multiple databases, specifically PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, and Google Scholar. We conducted a literature survey on gastrointestinal infection and the spread of this virus through fecal–oral transmission. Reports suggested that the existence and persistence of nSARS‐CoV‐2 in anal/rectal swabs and stool specimens for a longer period of time than in nasopharyngeal swabs provides a strong tenable outcome of gastrointestinal contamination and dissemination of this infection via potential fecal–oral transmission. This review may be helpful to conduct further studies to address the enteric involvement and excretion of nSARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in feces and control the community spread in both COVID‐19 patients ahead of the onset of symptoms and in asymptomatic individuals through wastewater and sewage surveillance as an early indication of infection. The existence of the viral genome and active viral particle actively participate in genomic variations. Hence, we comprehended the enteric spread of different viruses amongst communities with special reference to nSARS‐CoV‐2.

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Public health might be endangered by possible prolonged discharge of SARS-CoV-2 in stool

Cited by 42 publications

References 12 publications

Gastrointestinal Infection Could Be New Focus for Coronavirus Diagnosis

Gastrointestinal Infection Could Be New Focus for Coronavirus Diagnosis

Coronavirus Disease 2019 – COVID-19

Intestinal viral infections of nSARS‐CoV2 in the Indian community: Risk of virus spread in India

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Public health might be endangered by possible prolonged discharge of SARS-CoV-2 in stool

Cited by 42 publications

References 12 publications

Gastrointestinal Infection Could Be New Focus for Coronavirus Diagnosis

Gastrointestinal Infection Could Be New Focus for Coronavirus Diagnosis

Coronavirus Disease 2019 &ndash; COVID-19

Intestinal viral infections of nSARS‐CoV2 in the Indian community: Risk of virus spread in India

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 – COVID-19