Puberty Onset among Boys in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Alwan, Ibrahim Al; Felimban, Naila; Altwaijri, Yasmin; Tamim, Hani; Mutair, Angham Al; Shoukri, Mohamed; Tamimi<br, Waleed

doi:10.4137/cmped.s4610

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Table 1 shows the 2.5 th and 97.5 th percentiles for the glucose levels in male and female Saudi children and adolescents based on the Tanner sexual stages. The mean ages of Saudi Arabian boys in Tanner stages I, II, III, IV, and V at gonadal development were 8.7, 11.4, 13.3, 14.3 and 15.0 years old, respectively, as established in our previous study [5]. The mean ages of girls in Tanner stages I, II, III, IV, and V for breast development were 8.1, 9.9, 11.1, 12.9 and 13.6, respectively.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

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Age- and gender-specific reference intervals for serum glucose levels in school children measured by an Advia 1650 chemistry analyzer

et al. 2016

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The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults has increased in developed and developing countries. However, less attention has been focused on children, including establishing age- and gender-specific reference intervals for serum glucose levels. In this study, we sought to establish these interval values among Saudi children. In 2006, male and female school children from diverse socioeconomic levels in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were selected for a cross-sectional study of blood glucose using a cluster sample design. Tanner stages were ascertained during physical examination. Blood samples from 1216 healthy school children aged 6 to 16 years ? 514 (42%) boys and 702 (58%) girls ? were analyzed for glucose using an Advia 1650 chemistry analyzer and a hexokinase assay. Reference intervals based on Tanner stages and age were established by calculating the mean and the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. The average blood glucose level was higher in boys than in girls. There were no significant differences between boys and girls at each Tanner stage. Therefore, the combined reference intervals for glucose levels, which were calculated to be (3.2?6.6), (3.4?6.6), (3.6?5.9), (3.6?6.9), and (3.2?6.4) for Tanner stages I, II, III, IV, and V respectively, can be used for both genders. However, significant differences were observed between boys and girls for BMI, height, and weight at all Tanner stages except stage IV. Unlike children in other developing countries, Saudi children do not have lower serum glucose levels than their Western counterparts. We believe that these findings reflect changing dietary habits and increasing affluence in Saudi Arabia. The reference intervals established in our study may aid in the early assessment of cardiovascular risk in Saudi pediatric populations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…A total of 1216 children, 514 (42%) boys and 702 (58%) girls, were randomly selected from local schools. This number was selected from the existing database used for our previous study [5]. To construct our sampling frame, schools were sampled from the Riyadh region using information from the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Planning.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age- and gender-specific reference intervals for serum glucose levels in school children measured by an Advia 1650 chemistry analyzer

et al. 2016

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“…The gender differences and acceleration of hand grips around 10-12 years are partially attributed to the onset of puberty and biological maturity (eg, muscles mass, total body mass, and height), which has a strong impact on strength measures especially for boys. 20,39,40 Moreover, data from a limited number of studies indicate that 60% of Saudi children and 71% of young people do not engage in physical activity of sufficient duration and frequency, [40][41][42][43] and families may not encourage girls to take part in leisure time and activities either inside or outside school. [41][42][43] These lifestyle changes and physical inactivity are believed to influence muscular strength among Saudi children and might be responsible for gender-specific differences in hand grip strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand grip strength and dexterity function in children aged 6-12 years: A cross-sectional study

Omar

Alghadir

Zafar

et al. 2018

Journal of Hand Therapy

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“…The data analyzed in this project were part of the Riyadh Puberty Study (22). The sample was drawn by a multistage cluster strategy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Parental Socioeconomic Class on Children’s Body Mass Indices

Alwan¹,

A²,

Longford³

2013

Jcrpe

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Objective: To assess the effect of education and economic status of parents on obesity in children.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2006 among school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A representative sample of 1243 (542 male and 701 female) children aged 6-16 years were contacted using multistage cluster sampling strategy. Social and demographic variables were collected using questionnaires completed by parents. Height and weight of the children were recorded by a trained team.Results: The mean body mass index for all children was 19.8±5.4. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 21.1% and 12.7%, respectively. Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in males than in females. By multivariate analysis, children were more likely to be overweight if they were male (OR=0.6, p<0.01), 12 years of age (OR=3.79, p<0.01, compared to age 6 years), and if their families had higher income (OR=3.12, p<0.01, compared to families with low income). Being male (OR=0.545, p <0.01), aged 12 years (OR=3.9, p=0.005, compared to the age of 6), and having a mother who is more educated were determined to be significant risk factors for obesity in children. Mothers educated at university level were found to have a three-fold higher risk of having obese children(OR=3.4, p<0.01, compared to mothers with lower education levels).Conclusions: Overweight and obesity among Saudi children is associated with educated mothers and higher family income. This finding calls for introducing interventions in health education for both children and parents.Conflict of interest:None declared.

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Puberty Onset among Boys in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Age- and gender-specific reference intervals for serum glucose levels in school children measured by an Advia 1650 chemistry analyzer

Age- and gender-specific reference intervals for serum glucose levels in school children measured by an Advia 1650 chemistry analyzer

Hand grip strength and dexterity function in children aged 6-12 years: A cross-sectional study

The Effect of Parental Socioeconomic Class on Children’s Body Mass Indices

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