Pubertal BMI change and adult‐onset asthma in men: Population‐based cohort study in Sweden

Abstract

Background:The role of pubertal BMI change in adult-onset concomitant asthma and allergic rhinitis is unknown. Objective:We investigated the association of childhood and young adult BMI, and pubertal BMI changes with adult-onset asthma, allergic rhinitis, and concomitant asthma and rhinitis in Swedish men. Methods:The BMI Epidemiology Study in Gothenburg, Sweden, comprised of height and weight measures taken from school health records (6.5-9.5 years) and during military conscription (17.5-22 years) for all men born 1945-1961 (n = 37 652). Ageadjusted childhood BMI centred at 8 years and young adult BMI at 20 years were linked to high quality data on asthma and allergic rhinitis diagnoses from the Swedish National Patient Register.Findings: High BMI (4th quartile vs the two median quartiles) at 8 years was associated with increased risk of concomitant asthma and allergic rhinitis (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.00-2.11). Overweight (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.12-1.89) and obesity (HR 1.95; 95% CI 1.08-3.54) at 20 years were associated with increased risk of asthma without concomitant allergic rhinitis as main or auxiliary diagnosis. Pubertal BMI change showed a non-linear association, so that both low (1st quartile vs the two median quartiles) and high pubertal BMI changes were associated with increased risk of asthma (low: HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.11-1.68; high: HR 1.32; 95% CI 1.07-1.63) and asthma without concomitant allergic rhinitis (low: HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.04-1.69; high: HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.07-1.74) as a main diagnosis. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:Both low and high pubertal BMI changes are predictors of adult-onset asthma in men, particularly asthma without concomitant allergic rhinitis. Primary prevention of adult-onset asthma requires monitoring of changes in BMI during puberty. K E Y W O R D Sallergic rhinitis, asthma, body mass index, cohort study, men, obesity, pubertal BMI change, Sweden

Association of Coffee and Tea Consumption with the Risk of Asthma: A Prospective Cohort Study from the UK Biobank

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