“…The traditional signaling pathway of BMP-6 is Smad-dependent (Tang et al 1998;Derynck and Zhang 2003). Moreover, BMP-6 is also known to activate and cross-talk with other pathways, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and PKA pathways (Takahashi et al 2008;Yang et al 2009;Mi et al 2010). In addition to its pivotal role in endochondral bone formation (Wozney 1992;Gitelman et al 1994;Gitelman et al 1995), BMP-6 has been shown to be involved in numerous biological processes (Vukicevic and Grgurevic 2009;Yang et al 2007Yang et al , 2009Lee et al 2010).…”