Psychotic-like experiences and correlation with distress and depressive symptoms in a community sample of adolescents and young adults

Armando, Marco; Nelson, Barnaby; Yung, Alison R.; Ross, Margaret; Birchwood, Max; Girardi, Paolo; Nastro, Paolo Fiori

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.03.001

Cited by 235 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…We may have combined relatively benign PLEs with pathological PLEs [i.e. PLEs with pronounced relationships with psychopathology Armando et al, 2010)]; however, this would have rendered the association between persisting PLEs and psychopathology harder to detect. Another potential limitation derives from our use of a categorical definition of externalising and internalising psychopathology outcomes which, despite being a clinically validated threshold, may have incurred a loss of measurement precision and misclassification of children whose subscale scores placed them in the 'borderline' SDQ range (approximating the top 11-20% of the population) of the internalising and externalising categories.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subclinical psychotic symptoms or psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in childhood and adolescence are associated with concurrent emotional and behavioural difficulties (Laurens et al, 2007(Laurens et al, , 2012Nishida et al, 2008;Scott et al, 2009;Armando et al, 2010;Bartels-Velthuis et al, 2010;Polanczyk et al, 2010;Barragan et al, 2011;Kelleher et al, 2012b). PLEs that persist into adulthood increase risk for social dysfunction (Rossler et al, 2007), affective disturbance (van Rossum et al, 2011), substance misuse (Dhossche et al, 2002), and psychotic disorder .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persisting psychotic-like experiences are associated with both externalising and internalising psychopathology in a longitudinal general population child cohort

Downs

Cullen

Barragán

et al. 2013

Schizophrenia Research

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Downs, J. (2013). Persisting psychotic-like experiences are associated with both externalising and internalising psychopathology in a longitudinal general population child cohort. Schizophrenia Research, 144(1-3), 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.12.009Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections. General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognize and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.•Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research.•You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain •You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact librarypure@kcl.ac.uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Background: Persisting psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are associated with an increased risk of internalising symptoms in adolescence. Whether this association holds similarly for externalising symptoms, and from mid-childhood, is unclear. This prospective study investigated the extent to which PLE persistence was associated with internalising and externalising psychopathology in a community sample of children aged 9-11 years at study commencement. Methods: 8099 children (mean age 10.4 years) completed questionnaires assessing PLEs, externalising and internalising symptoms. A subsample of 547 children completed reassessment, on average, two years later. Results: Two-thirds (66%) of children reported PLEs at baseline. Approximately two years later, PLEs persisted in 39% of those children. After adjustment for previous psychopathology and other potential confounds, children with persisting PLEs were at higher risk for internalising (odds ratio [OR]=1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-3.34) and externalising (OR=1.97; 95% CI 1.19-3.26) psychopathology than children whose PLEs remitted; and, than children who never presented PLEs. Conclusions: Persistent PLEs from mid-childhood are associated with later internalising and externalising psychopathology in the general population, whereas transitory PLEs may be part of a spectrum of normative childhood development. Interventions that target persistent PLEs may contribute to a reduction in common chi...

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Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persisting psychotic-like experiences are associated with both externalising and internalising psychopathology in a longitudinal general population child cohort

Downs

Cullen

Barragán

et al. 2013

Schizophrenia Research

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“…However, in a slightly older sample (12-16 years), using the positive subscale of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE; twenty self-report items), Wigman and colleagues [37] identified five underlying content types. These five types (hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, paranormal thinking (belief in telepathy and mind-reading), and grandiosity), have been broadly replicated by other studies of the CAPE in adolescents [38][39][40][41], and parallel distinctions found in clinical psychosis [42]. Hallucinations and paranoia appear more likely to be distressing and associated with current and future psychopathology [43,44], and there are preliminary suggestions that the role of schematic beliefs may vary according to UE content or type [32,34].…”

mentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The content/type variables represented the five factors of adolescent UEs derived from the CAPE: hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, paranormal thinking (belief in telepathy and mind-reading), and grandiosity. CAPE factors were based on endorsement ratings (to limit the influence of associated distress/severity) of the 20 positive psychotic symptom-like items [37][38][39][40][41]. Hallucinations, paranoia, and paranormal/telepathy items were identified straightforwardly by content.…”

Section: Unusual Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in psychosocial influences according to the dimensions and content of children’s unusual experiences: potential routes for the development of targeted interventions

Ruffell

Azis

Hassanali

et al. 2015

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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The psychosocial processes implicated in the development and maintenance of psychosis differ according to both the dimensional attributes (conviction, frequency, associated distress, adverse life impact) and the content or type (e.g., grandiosity, hallucinations, paranoia) of the psychotic symptoms experienced. This has informed the development of 'targeted' cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp): interventions focusing on specific psychological processes in the context of particular symptom presentations. In adults, larger effect sizes for change in primary outcomes are typically reported in trials of targeted interventions, compared to those for trials of generic CBTp approaches with multiple therapeutic foci. We set out to test the theoretical basis for developing targeted CBTp interventions for young people with distressing psychotic-like, or unusual, experiences (UEs). We investigated variations in the psychosocial processes previously associated with self-reported UE severity (reasoning, negative life events, emotional problems) according to UE dimensional attributes and content/type (using an established five-factor model) in a clinically referred sample of 72 young people aged 8-14 years. Regression analyses revealed associations of conviction and grandiosity with reasoning; of frequency, and hallucinations and paranoia, with negative life events; and of distress/adverse life impact, and paranoia and hallucinations, with emotional problems. We conclude that psychological targets for intervention differ according to particular characteristics of childhood UEs in much the same way as for psychotic symptoms in adults. The development of targeted interventions is therefore indicated, and tailoring therapy according to presentation should further improve clinical outcomes for these young people.Key words: psychotic-like experience (PLE); cognitive model; psychosis; cognitive therapy; CBT 4 IntroductionUnusual, or psychotic-like, experiences are changes in thinking and perception that are phenomenologically similar to the symptoms of psychosis, for example, hearing a voice that no-one else can hear [1]. The prevalence of such experiences in childhood is high (around two-thirds of the general population, by self-report) suggesting that they cannot be considered, in isolation, to reliably confer increased risk of psychosis [2]. Rather, it seems that increasing likelihood of future mental illness is determined by particular characteristics and correlates of unusual experiences (UEs), such as associated distress and adverse life events [3,4]. This is consistent with the continuum premise underpinning cognitive models of the development and maintenance of psychosis [5,6]. In these models, UEs are one of a multiplicity of biopsychosocial factors that are hypothesised to cumulatively increase the risk of developing psychosis, but are not in themselves, indicative of 'illness'. Although the degree of continuity of psychotic symptoms with normal experiences has been questioned [7], the implication that UEs ...

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“…The PDI-21 (Peters et al, 2004) is widely used as a measure of delusion proneness in clinical and non-clinical research on persecutory Moore et al 2006) and grandiose ideation (Armando et al, 2010;Jones & Fernyhough, 2007;Peters et al 1999;Scott et al, 2006;Verdoux, et al, 1998). The PDI -21 provides information on the total number of items endorsed (out of 21), total distress, preoccupation and conviction (a score of up to 105 for each dimension), and total delusional ideation (the sum of all scores which can be added up to 336).…”

Section: Pdi-21mentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary investigation into theory of mind and attributional style in adults with grandiose delusions

Boyden

Knowles

Corcoran

et al. 2014

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

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Psychotic-like experiences and correlation with distress and depressive symptoms in a community sample of adolescents and young adults

Cited by 235 publications

References 41 publications

Persisting psychotic-like experiences are associated with both externalising and internalising psychopathology in a longitudinal general population child cohort

Persisting psychotic-like experiences are associated with both externalising and internalising psychopathology in a longitudinal general population child cohort

Variation in psychosocial influences according to the dimensions and content of children’s unusual experiences: potential routes for the development of targeted interventions

A preliminary investigation into theory of mind and attributional style in adults with grandiose delusions

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