Psychosocial Separation and Women’s Disengagement From Prosecutions Against Abusive Intimate Partners in Spain

Jiménez, Mario de Jesús Pérez; Durfee, Alesha; Cala-Carrillo, María Jesús; Trigo, Marta

doi:10.1177/0886260520984424

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…This training should also include transversally the meta-ability to question one’s own beliefs and prejudices, a need already detected and recently confirmed by (Albertín, 2009; Albertín et al, 2020), as well as the ability to empathize with battered women in general and battered women who defend themselves actively from their abusers in particular (Plumm & Terrance, 2009). On the other hand, a specialized training syllabus should be designed for justice operators who intervene in gender violence courts ; IPVAW-specialized courts created in Spain based on the Organic Law 1/2004, in order to decrease tolerance of IPVAW and stereotypes about victims (Bodelón, 2014; García-Jiménez et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acceptance of stereotypes and myths about victims of IPVAW have important and serious consequences for women who seek help through the legal system (Fleming & Franklin, 2021; Menaker & Franklin, 2015), especially when such women do not conform to the standards of a “good victim” (Albertín et al, 2020; Lelaurain et al, 2017, 2018). The response of a legal operator who holds a stereotyped view of female victims, stemming from a lack of training and knowledge about the dynamics and effects of gender-based violence within an intimate relationship, may result in what is known as secondary victimization or re-victimization (Bodelón, 2014; Follingstad et al, 2015; García-Jiménez et al, 2020; Walker, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summary, judicial stereotyping is a common and pernicious barrier to justice, particularly for women victims and survivors of violence (Albertín et al, 2020; Dick, 2020; Fleming & Franklin, 2021; Follingstad et al, 2015; García-Jiménez et al, 2020; Larance et al, 2019; Lelaurain et al, 2018; Masser et al, 2010). Such stereotyping lead legal operators, and judges in particular, to reach a view about these cases based on preconceived beliefs, rather than relevant facts and actual enquiry (Ballesteros Doncel & Blanco Moreno, 2021; Bodelón, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the reasons is the trust deficit in the justice system, a distrust shared by the victim’s environment, which only recommends reporting it in 30% of the cases (Delegación del Gobierno contra la Violencia de Género, 2019). In this context, the training to question one’s own beliefs and prejudices has been identified as a necessity for years in studies on the practices of justice operators (Albertín, 2009; Bodelón, 2014); indeed, several studies have shown the ineffectiveness of laws against IPVAW without a transformation of the gender stereotypes of justice operators (Albertín et al, 2020; García-Jiménez et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stereotypes About Battered Women and Victim’s Self-Defense: Legal Implications

Álvarez

Sánchez-Prada

2021

J Interpers Violence

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Recent research on the practices of justice operators with women victims of intimate partner violence has evidenced the existence of gender stereotypes and gender-blind practices in the Spanish legal system (Albertín et al., 2020; García Jiménez et al., 2019, 2020), as well as the graves consequences that such practices imply for these women. In this context, the present study explored the existence of a battered woman stereotype and its variation when the victim defends herself from the abuser. An opportunity sample of 505 undergraduates of Law, Psychology and other studies from two Spanish universities assessed some personality characteristics of a woman after watching a 1-minute-long silent video. The participants were randomly assigned to one of three observation conditions (“control”, “victim” or “self-defense victim”), which differed in the previous information given about the target woman. The Principal Components Analysis reduced the information from the questionnaire to three dimensions: “brittleness” (α = .91), “positive” (α = .786), and “hostile” (α = .809). The MANOVA confirmed the battered woman stereotype and its modification when the victim reacts against the abuser in self-defense: in this case the attribution of brittleness decreases and the attribution of hostility increases. The type of academic training showed significant effects on the stereotype, this being more negative among Law students than among Psychology ones. Law students perceive the target woman in the “victim” condition more hostile and manipulator. As for the “self-defense” condition, Law students attribute less brittleness to the victim, and perceive her more manipulator and dangerous. The effect of the observer's gender on the stereotype is consistent with the previous literature. Implications for professional training and judicial practices are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stereotypes About Battered Women and Victim’s Self-Defense: Legal Implications

Álvarez

Sánchez-Prada

2021

J Interpers Violence

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“…After evaluating all best classifiers with the most important variables, next step is to evaluate those ML models with the set of most significant variables obtained in the previous work of [34], in order to compare with the same technology both sets of parameters. The final parameters selected in that work were: receiving psychological support; contact with the abuser; thinking of going back with the aggressor; feeling guilty; having a protection order and perceiving that the decisions of the judicial procedure are not made jointly with her lawyer.…”

Section: Classifiers With Best Parameters From the Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using machine learning-based systems to help predict disengagement from the legal proceedings by women victims of intimate partner violence in Spain

Escobar-Linero

Garcia-Jimenez

Trigo-Sánchez

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an actual social issue which poses a challenge in terms of prevention, legal action, and reporting the abuse once it has occurred. In this last case, out of the total of female victims that fill a complaint against their abuser and initiate the legal proceedings, a significant number withdraw from it for different reasons. In this field, it is interesting to detect the victims that disengage from the legal process so that professionals can intervene before it occurs. Previous studies have applied statistical models to use input variables and make a prediction of withdrawal. However, it has not been found in the literature any study that uses machine learning models to predict disengagement from the legal proceedings in IPV cases, which can be a better option to detect these events with a higher precision. Therefore, in this work, a novel application of machine learning techniques to predict the decision of victims of IPV to withdraw from prosecution is studied. For this purpose, three different ML algorithms have been optimized and tested with the original dataset to prove the great performance of ML models against non-linear input data. Once the best models have been obtained, explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) techniques have been applied to search for the most informative input features and reduce the original dataset to the most important variables. Finally, these results have been compared to those obtained in the previous work that used statistical techniques, and the set of most informative parameters has been combined with the variables of the previous study, showing that ML-based models have a better predictive accuracy in all cases and that by adding one new variable to the previous work' subset, the accuracy to detect withdrawal improves by 7.5%.

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Public Stigmatization of Women Victims of Intimate Partner Violence by Professionals Working in the Judicial System and Law Enforcement Agencies in Spain

Murvartian

Saavedra-Macías

Mata

2023

J Interpers Violence

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Recent international literature has demonstrated that the public stigma suffered by women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) makes them less likely to disclose the abuse and to seek help and has a negative influence on third-party responses, with professionals working in the judicial system and law enforcement agencies being particularly susceptible to its impact. The absence of theories explaining how this stigma works and the legal and cultural differences that exist between countries prompted us to explore the process by which professionals working in law enforcement and the judicial system in Spain stigmatize this specific group of victims. Constructivist grounded theory was used to establish meanings and relationships between the components and processes involved in stigmatization, based on the data collected from individual, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 11 professionals working in the aforementioned fields. In addition to the stigmatization that the interviewees claimed to have observed in coworkers, we also analyzed the conscious and/or unconscious stigmatization that they themselves exercised, which became evident during the course of the interview. The results confirmed the existence of stigma among professionals, with the said stigma often being unintentional and implicit in nature. The theoretical model that emerged from the data comprised four broad categories linked to the origin of the stigma, stigmatizing myths about victims and IPV, stigmatizing responses to victims who are seeking help, and the consequences of the stigma for the victims. In the study, we outline the associations observed between these factors and the subcategories included in each, and highlight the need to design training programs for professionals who are designed to fight against the stigma and which include self-analysis exercises as well as theoretical contents. We also discuss other implications of the results for both research and practice.

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Psychosocial Separation and Women’s Disengagement From Prosecutions Against Abusive Intimate Partners in Spain

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Stereotypes About Battered Women and Victim’s Self-Defense: Legal Implications

Stereotypes About Battered Women and Victim’s Self-Defense: Legal Implications

Using machine learning-based systems to help predict disengagement from the legal proceedings by women victims of intimate partner violence in Spain

Public Stigmatization of Women Victims of Intimate Partner Violence by Professionals Working in the Judicial System and Law Enforcement Agencies in Spain

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