Psychosocial issues in isolated and confined extreme environments

Palinkas, Lawrence A.; Suedfeld, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.032

Cited by 59 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Hereafter, it is necessary to assess the mechanistic interactions between physiological changes and mood states on shortterm Antarctica expeditions by understanding the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes crossregulation. Therefore, standard approaches to investigate diverse gender/sex (Strewe et al 2019, Steinach et al 2016, Palinkas et al 2011) and cross-cultural/multinational (Palinkas et al 2011(Palinkas et al , 2004Musson et al 2002) factors affecting the adaptation to isolated and confined environments should be extended to short-term stays in camps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploratory study of short-term camping in Antarctica: Hormonal and mood states changes

Martins

Moraes

Mendes³

et al. 2022

Czech Polar Rep.

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Long-term Antarctic expedition’s studies indicated harmful or positive behavioral and psychophysiological adaptive changes that arise from adversities in isolated, confined, and extreme environments. Whereas most of the published studies focused on overwintering situations, most Brazilian Antarctic Program summer expeditions consist of short-term stays. We evaluated the influence of a permanence in Antarctic short-term (13-day) summer camp on the hormonal responses and mood states in eight volunteers. Data collection was carried out at the beginning (initial measure, days 3 to 5) and the end (final measurement, days 10 to 12) of the camping. Morning and evening samples of saliva were obtained to measure the testosterone and cortisol concentrations. Morning blood drops were used to determine thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) concentration. The volunteers also answered a mood states questionnaire. During the short-term camp, T4 (3.92 ± 0.75 vs 2.21 ± 0.71 μg.dL-1) and T4/TSH (3.16 ± 0.97 vs 1.79 ± 0.74 AU) reduced, without concomitant changes in TSH (1.28 ± 0.17 vs 1.30 ± 0.09 μU.mL-1), and salivary cortisol increased (2,392 ± 1,153 vs 4,440 ± 1,941 pg.mL-1) resulting in greater cortisol amplitude (calculated from the difference between morning and evening measurement, 1,400 ± 1,442 vs 3,230 ± 2,046). In men, testosterone increased as well (26.2 ± 12.5 vs 67.8 ± 45.8, all differences with P<0.05). There was a moderate effect in mood states evidenced by increased anger and fatigue, and reduced vigor. At the end of the camp, the change in cortisol correlated with anger, and the final cortisol values with anger and tension. We concluded that staying in a short-term summer camp in Antarctica induced endocrine and mood state changes, indicators of stress reaction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploratory study of short-term camping in Antarctica: Hormonal and mood states changes

Martins

Moraes

Mendes³

et al. 2022

Czech Polar Rep.

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“…The relationship between individual psychological characteristics of people and the emergence of psychosocial issues in small group during isolation on the Antarctic station are presented by Kokun and Bakhmutova (2020;Palinkas andSuedfeld (2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Main features of expeditioners’personality traits in Antarctic conditions

Bakhmutova

2021

MHGCJ

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Introduction. Determining the benefits of basic human personality traits is one of the main components of the selection and staffing of small groups of peoples that are working in extreme environmental conditions and socio-spatial isolation. These groups include teams of polar explorers, scientists from outlying research bases, ship and submarine crews, and aircraft and space shuttles teams. Purpose. To identify the prevailing type of temperament of and personal changes in people working on the Antarctic station during a one-year period of isolation to develop measures to maintain their mental and physical health. Methodology. A total of 48 people (46 men and 2 women aged from 23 to 63 years) from four wintering teams of the Ukrainian Antarctic station (UAS) “Akademik Vernadsky” were voluntarily interviewed according to the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). The poll was conducted twice – before the departure to the Antarctic station and after their return after a year. Participants were studied in two groups (24 peoples) once again after a 6-month stay on the Antarctic station, to determine the level of psychoticism. The research was based on the analysis of preferences and changes in personality traits: Extraversion/Introversion, Neuroticism/Stability, and Psychoticism/Socialization. Results. Based on the analysis of indicators such as Extraversion/Introversion, Neuroticism/Stability, and Psychoticism/Socialization, we determined the general structure of the personal characteristics of the expeditioners. Indicators of these characteristics showed that more than a third of the expeditioners (36.1%) were pronounced extroverts. A majority (61.1%) of the respondents were characterized by an intermediate between extraversion and introversion, and only 2.8% were pronounced introverts. 58.4% of the respondents were characterized by a low level of neuroticism, while 33.3% were characterized by medium level of neuroticism. Only 8.3% were found to have a high level of neuroticism. Low levels of psychoticism were predominant in 56.3% of the respondents while the remaining 43.7% had medium levels of psychoticism. A high level of psychoticism was absent in the respondents which indicates a psychologically correct selection of the team. Analysis of the dynamics of psychoticism revealed that there were higher growth rates (+0.97) of average indexes of psychoticism during the first 6 months of the expeditioners’ stay at the Antarctic station than at the end of the activity. This was due to the “acute adaptation” period when the respondent fit in the natural conditions of Antarctica. Furthermore, there was a development of psychoticism in the expeditioners during the “polar night”; the growth rates of psychoticism decreased after adaptation. Conclusions. To maintain people’s mental health at the Antarctic station, it is optimal to select candidates for a one-year expedition with average rates of extraversion-introversion, and mostly low rates of neuroticism and psychoticism. These personal characteristics must be taken into account when forming an expedition team. The level of psychoticism during the expedition increases under the influence of the adverse environmental conditions of Antarctica and the socio-spatial isolation

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“…Moreover, with regard to underwater performance, the results have confirmed the predictive power of intellectual capacity, reasoning, emotional stability, emotional control and facilitating anxiety with a positive sign of their coefficients and a negative sign of emotional sensitivity. Finally, the results have indicated that for underwater adaptation, emotional stability, emotional hardness, facilitating anxiety, intellectual capacity and emotional control constitute the most important predictors [104].…”

Section: Extreme Scuba Diver's Adaptation In the Underwater Environmentmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This set of physical, medical and psychological characteristics are of great importance in scientific and operational diving, since divers must overcome underwater stressors in order to successfully adapt to such unusual conditions. And while the physical aspect of this adaptation has been in the center of scientific research, nowadays more and more studies in the field focus on the psychological approach to adaptation in such environments, in order to analyze the relationship of the dispositional traits of divers with their underwater performance and adaptation [104].…”

Section: Extreme Scuba Diver's Adaptation In the Underwater Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order for astronauts to be prepared for these extreme environments, NASA introduces them to NASA Extreme Environmental Mission Operations project, known as NEEMO, which allows them to live and work in one of the most extreme environments available on earth: the ocean. During this program, crew members, called aquanauts, live in the world's only undersea laboratory, which is located 3.5 miles off the cost of Key Largo, where most of the underwater activities are accomplished by traditional scuba diving [104,105].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Optimum Performance In Isolated and Confined Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development of aquaticity through water game activities in school children

Varveri¹,

Βαρβέρη²

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Αυτή η διδακτορική διατριβή αποτελεί μια ολοκληρωμένη προσέγγιση για το θέμα της «Ανθρώπινης Υδροβιότητας». Μέχρι πρόσφατα, ο όρος υδροβιότητα χρησιμοποιούταν εμπειρικά, από κολυμβητές και προπονητές του υγρού στίβου και των θαλάσσιων αθλημάτων για να περιγράψουν χαρακτηριστικά όπως «άνεση» «απόδοση», «πλευστότητα» και «ηρεμία» μέσα στο νερό ενώ για τους ελεύθερους δύτες ο όρος «υδροβιότητα» αναφέρεται στην ικανότητα του δύτη να καταδυθεί σε μεγάλο βάθος και να έχει ψυχική ηρεμία και συγκέντρωση την ώρα της προσπάθειας. Εκτός από την παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή διατριβή, δεν υπάρχουν άλλα επιστημονικά στοιχεία και άρθρα που να εξετάζουν το θέμα της ανθρώπινης υδροβιότητας. Οι σκοποί της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν, να προσδιορισθεί ο όρος " Υδροβιότητα ", να αναπτυχθεί ένα τεστ για την αξιολόγηση των επιπέδων υδροβιότητας στους ανθρώπους και να διερευνηθεί κατά πόσον η υδροβιότητα, μπορεί να βελτιωθεί με την εφαρμογή ενός προγράμματος παρέμβασης.

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Psychosocial issues in isolated and confined extreme environments

Cited by 59 publications

References 141 publications

An exploratory study of short-term camping in Antarctica: Hormonal and mood states changes

An exploratory study of short-term camping in Antarctica: Hormonal and mood states changes

Main features of expeditioners’personality traits in Antarctic conditions

The development of aquaticity through water game activities in school children

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