Psychosocial Factors Associated with Anxiety and Delivery Pain

Abstract

Background: Anxiety and pain are physiologic symptoms experienced by mothers during birth delivery. However, if these symptoms are not well-managed they can cause low birth weight, prematurity, prolonged labor, and postpartum depression. This study aimed to analyze the psychosocial factors associated with anxiety and delivery pain. Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study with cross sectional design. The study was conducted at Gajahan community health center, Surakarta Hospital, and Muhammadiyah Hospital, Delanggu, Central Java, from December 2017 to January 2018. A total sample of 166 delivery mothers were selected for this study by purposive sampling. The dependent variables were anxiety and delivery pain. The independent variables were parity, psychological stress, coping mechanism, family income, and family support. The data were collected by questionnaire. Anxiety was measured by modified Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionaire (PRAQ_R). The data were analyzed by path analysis. Results: Delivery pain increased with higher anxiety (b= 0.30, SE= 0.02, p<0.001). Anxiety decreased with higher delivery pain (b = -1.19, SE= 0.02, p<0.001) and increased with higher stress (b = 0.92, SE= 0.09, p<0.001). Anxiety decreased with coping mechanism (b = -0.31, SE = 0.08, p<0.001) and parity (b= -0.86, SE= 0.37, p<0.001). Stress decreased with better coping mechanism (b= -0.48, SE= 0.08, p<0.001), higher family income (b = -0.16, SE = 0.04, p<0.001), parity (b= -2.13, SE= 0.36, p<0.001), and stronger family support (b = -0.22, SE = 0.06, p=0.007). Coping mechanism increased with parity (b = 1.39, SE = 0.33, p<0.001) and strong family support (b= 0.46, SE= 0.06, p<0.001). Conclusion: Delivery pain increases with higher anxiety. Anxiety associated with delivery pain, stress, and coping mechanism.

The Impact of Murotal Al-Qur’an on Decreasing Labor Pain In Maternity Mother First Phase

“…Labor pain is a physiological aspect for mothers in labor, but most women consider pain during labor to be the most intense pain that every woman feels 15 . Although pain during labor is not a pathological process, normal labor is still imagined as a very painful process 16 .…”

“…According to a research Geisser M, Robinson M, Miller Q, found that 90% of women experienced pain associated with 37% moderate pain. Maternal pain in labor has many factors, ranging from family support, age, parity and perceptions of labor pain that have a significant effect on the pain felt 16,22 . Reading the Qur'an can reduce stress hormones, activate natural endorphins, increase feelings of relaxation, and divert attention from fear, anxiety and tension, improve the body's chemical system.…”

“…In labor pain, this will cause the patient to focus on labor pain. This causes the patient to become anxious and adds to the pain 16 . Anxiety and labor pains have a direct impact on the mother and will have long-term risks to the health of both mother and baby.…”

“…Because during childbirth, mothers are faced with conditions that can endanger the lives of themselves and their babies. With family support, mothers who give birth can share their complaints and get attention so they can feel calm and comfortable in facing childbirth 16 .…”

The Effectiveness of Hypnotherapy to Reduce Anxiety in Pre-Caesarean Section Women

“…One of the anxiety effects is the lack of exclusive breastfeeding (Field, 2017). There is a positive direct relationship between anxiety and labor pain (Nisa et al, 2018). Alladin (2016) states that any comprehensive therapy must include both conscious and unconscious therapies such as behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, psychodynamic psychotherapy, therapy mindfulness and others in the treatment of anxiety disorders.…”