Psychosocial animal model of PTSD produces a long-lasting traumatic memory, an increase in general anxiety and PTSD-like glucocorticoid abnormalities

Zoladz, Phillip R.; Fleshner, Monika; Diamond, David M.

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.02.007

Cited by 105 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Our test of the rats' memory of the cat was confirmed with the finding that psychosocially stressed rats exhibited significant immobility (fear memory-induced freezing) in response to being returned to the original chamber (contextual fear conditioning) or when they were exposed to the tone that was paired with the cat exposures (cued fear conditioning) (Zoladz et al, 2012a).…”

Section: "Traumatic" Memory Expression In the Pps Modelsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Therefore, it was important to include a measure of the rat's memory for the cat exposure experiences. To accomplish this goal, we measured a rat's memory for trauma indirectly by placing the rat in a distinct chamber (which never contained the cat) immediately prior to each of the two cat exposures (Zoladz et al, 2012a). The strategy behind this manipulation was to use a form of classical conditioning to demonstrate that the rats have a fear conditioned memory of a cue which was associated with each of the two cat exposures.…”

Section: "Traumatic" Memory Expression In the Pps Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predator-based psychosocial stress animal model of PTSD: Preclinical assessment of traumatic stress at cognitive, hormonal, pharmacological, cardiovascular and epigenetic levels of analysis

Zoladz

Diamond

2016

Experimental Neurology

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Section: "Traumatic" Memory Expression In the Pps Modelsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: "Traumatic" Memory Expression In the Pps Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator-based psychosocial stress animal model of PTSD: Preclinical assessment of traumatic stress at cognitive, hormonal, pharmacological, cardiovascular and epigenetic levels of analysis

Zoladz

Diamond

2016

Experimental Neurology

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“…The brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene has been found to be selectively methylated in the hippocampus of rats that underwent the PPS paradigm, which supports the theory that traumatic stress causes (epigenetic) changes in brain regions regulating cognition and stress regulation. The PPS model also mimics the reduction of basal glucocorticoids found in humans [68,86] . PPS models are also used to predict responsiveness to new drugs for PTSD.…”

Section: Ppsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…After this combined procedure, mice displayed impaired acclimation to new environments [67] . Effects found in rats are increased corticosterone suppression and lowered baseline levels (as assessed by dexamethasone suppression test) indicative of HPA dysfunction, as well as increased freezing to stressor context and heightened elevated plus maze anxiety [68] . Social instability: Just like the random cage cohort HI model, PTSD-like symptoms can be created using social isolation (SI).…”

Section: Housing Instabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models for posttraumatic stress disorder: An overview of what is used in research

Borghans¹,

Homberg²

2015

WJP

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common anxiety disorder characterised by its persistence of symptoms after a traumatic experience. Although some patients can be cured, many do not benefit enough from the psychological therapies or medication strategies used. Many researchers use animal models to learn more about the disorder and several models are available. The most-used physical stressor models are single-prolonged stress, restraint stress, foot shock, stress-enhanced fear learning, and underwater trauma. Common social stressors are housing instability, social instability, earlylife stress, and social defeat. Psychological models are not as diverse and rely on controlled exposure to the test animal's natural predator. While validation of these models has been resolved with replicated symptoms using analogous stressors, translating new findings to human patients remains essential for their impact on the field. Choosing a model to experiment with can be challenging; this overview of what is possible with individual models may aid in making a decision. Core tip: There are currently several widely accepted animal models being used in fundamental posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) research, and many publications using them have made valuable contributions to the collective knowledge on the subject. Still, the difference between models indicates that their suitability depends on the situation; each model has shown different amounts of success in replicating individual criteria or aspects of PTSD. Accordingly, the selection of the most suitable model for each experiment is important for optimally reliable results. This review offers relevant information to aid in that decision.Borghans B, Homberg JR. Animal models for posttraumatic REVIEW 387December 22, 2015|Volume 5|Issue 4|

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“…Recently, animal chronic stress models, based on the resident/intruder paradigm [14], have been developed to induce alterations in the HPA axis to study the relationship between the HPA axis and the development and treatment of psychopathologies, such as depression and PTSD [15,16,17,18]. Previous studies in our laboratory using the chronic social defeat stress model revealed that subjects who adopt a passive behavioral profile, which is characterized by a higher immobility and lower social and nonsocial exploration than the active subjects, have an exaggerated corticosterone response following repeated defeat and low resting levels of corticosterone several days after the end of the chronic defeat experience [5,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping with Chronic Social Stress in Mice: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal/ Sympathetic-Adrenal-Medullary Axis Activity, Behavioral Changes and Effects of Antalarmin Treatment: Implications for the Study of Stress-Related Psychopathologies

Pérez-Tejada¹,

Arregi²,

Gómez-Lázaro³

et al. 2013

Neuroendocrinology

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The aim of this study was to analyze the individual differences that lead to the development of psychopathological changes in response to chronic social stress. We also assessed the ability of an antagonist of the corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptors to reverse the effects of stress. Male adult mice were exposed to repeated defeat experiences for 21 days using a sensorial contact model. After 18 days of defeat, two groups of subjects were established (active and passive), according to their behaviors during social confrontation. Antalarmin treatment was given for 4 and 6 days. The results corroborated previous data indicating that subjects who adopted a passive coping strategy had higher corticosterone levels after 21 days of defeat and decreased resting levels 3 days later. Moreover, they showed higher resting expression levels of hypothalamic CRH than their active counterparts. On day 24, the experimental animals were subjected to another social defeat to determine whether the stress response remained. The increase in corticosterone and hypothalamic CRH levels was similar for all of the stressed subjects, but the passive subjects also had a greater CRH response in the amygdala. Passive subjects had decreased levels of adrenal dopamine β-hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase and plasma adrenaline compared to the active subjects, and lower plasma noradrenaline levels than manipulated controls. The passive profile of physiological changes in both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axes has been associated with changes related to mood disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. The active coping profile is characterized by similar corticosterone resting levels to controls and increased SAM activity. Both profiles showed alterations in the novel palatable and forced swimming tests, with the passive profile being the most vulnerable to the effects of stress in this last test. Pharmacological treatment with antalarmin failed to reverse the effects of stress.

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Psychosocial animal model of PTSD produces a long-lasting traumatic memory, an increase in general anxiety and PTSD-like glucocorticoid abnormalities

Cited by 105 publications

References 139 publications

Predator-based psychosocial stress animal model of PTSD: Preclinical assessment of traumatic stress at cognitive, hormonal, pharmacological, cardiovascular and epigenetic levels of analysis

Predator-based psychosocial stress animal model of PTSD: Preclinical assessment of traumatic stress at cognitive, hormonal, pharmacological, cardiovascular and epigenetic levels of analysis

Animal models for posttraumatic stress disorder: An overview of what is used in research

Coping with Chronic Social Stress in Mice: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal/ Sympathetic-Adrenal-Medullary Axis Activity, Behavioral Changes and Effects of Antalarmin Treatment: Implications for the Study of Stress-Related Psychopathologies

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