Psychosocial and environmental correlates of violence perpetration among African-American urban youth

Feigelman, Susan; Howard, Donna E.; Li, Xiaoming; Cross, Sheila

doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(99)00124-x

Cited by 61 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Gang membership and illegal activity exhibited the strongest associations. This is consistent with prior research that shows a high degree of overlap between victimization and violence perpetration (Hawke, Janichill & De Leon 2003;Howard et al 2002;Feigelman et al 2000). The effect size among victimization and highrisk sex behaviors reached the threshold of clinical significance.…”

Section: Victimization and High-risk Behaviorssupporting

confidence: 91%

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Victimization Among African-American Adolescents in Substance Abuse Treatment

Perron

Gotham

Cho

2008

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

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Victimization is regarded as a significant public health issue, especially among adolescents in urban areas. Although victimization is linked to substance use, the research on victimization among adolescents in treatment is underdeveloped. Given the high rate of victimization among African-American adolescents, further research on the prevalence and correlates of victimization for this population is needed. This knowledge can guide the development of effective treatment and prevention strategies. This study contributed to the research by examining the rate and different types of victimization among a sample of African-American adolescents in an urban substance abuse treatment program, testing whether victimization is associated with increased levels of psychopathology and high-risk behaviors; and comparing the rates and associations with existing studies of adolescent victimization. It reports on a sample of 259 African-American adolescents receiving substance abuse treatment in an inner-city program. Fifty-four percent of the subjects reported lifetime victimization. Severity of victimization was associated with depression, generalized anxiety disorder, traumatic stress disorder, and conduct disorder, although the effect sizes were relatively small. Lifetime victimization exhibited a relationship of small to moderate strength with high-risk behaviors (i.e., illegal activity, gang membership, multiple sex partners and unprotected sex). Service implications and recommendations for future research are provided. Keywords adolescent substance abuse treatment; adolescent victimization; adolescent violenceVictimization is the experience of direct or threatened harm, including physical violence, sexual violence, psychological or emotional abuse, and neglect (CDC 2007). Victimization among adolescents is a recognized public health concern, which motivated an in-depth report by the Office of the US Surgeon General (US DHHS 1999 The rate of victimization among African-American adolescents can be explained, in part, by their broader social and environmental conditions. Approximately one-third of AfricanAmerican adolescents live in economically depressed and socially marginalized neighborhoods, resulting in regular exposure to high rates of violence (Paxton et al. 2004). These are key factors that contribute to violence perpetration and victimization (McCart et al. 2005;Howard et al. 2002). Such conditions also give rise to using violence as a response to the ongoing pressures and threat of violence (Feigelman et al. 2000), which further complicates the problem of responding to and preventing victimization. ASSOCIATIONS WITH VICTIMIZATIONThe significance of victimization as a public health issue is further supported by its consistent relationships with various psychological and psychosocial problems. It is widely established that victimization can be a traumatic life event, challenging an individual's resources and negatively impacting developmental processes (Kaukinen 2002). A large body of research shows that vict...

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Section: Victimization and High-risk Behaviorssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These are key factors that contribute to violence perpetration and victimization (McCart et al 2005;Howard et al 2002). Such conditions also give rise to using violence as a response to the ongoing pressures and threat of violence (Feigelman et al 2000), which further complicates the problem of responding to and preventing victimization. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Victimization Among African-American Adolescents in Substance Abuse Treatment

Perron

Gotham

Cho

2008

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

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“…Inner-city, disadvantaged urban communities often are characterized by high levels of chronic violence (Feigelman et al, 2000;Swahn and Bossarte, 2009). Examining trends over 5 years, a U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics report (2007) showed that African Americans were victims of violent crimes at rates higher than Whites, Asians, and Hispanics, with younger African American men particularly vulnerable to victimization.…”

Section: Alcohol and Violence Among African Americansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examining trends over 5 years, a U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics report (2007) showed that African Americans were victims of violent crimes at rates higher than Whites, Asians, and Hispanics, with younger African American men particularly vulnerable to victimization. Experiencing victimization has been shown to be associated with violence perpetration (Feigelman et al, 2000), especially in disadvantaged areas (Vaughn et al, 2010). In addition to high rates of victimization, incarceration rates for African Americans are 5.6 times higher than those experienced by Whites (Mauer and King, 2007).…”

Section: Alcohol and Violence Among African Americansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Adolescent Drinking and Adult Violence: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study of Urban African Americans

Green¹,

Doherty²,

Zebrak³

et al. 2011

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: This study examined the relationship between adolescent alcohol use and adult violence from a developmental perspective, specifi cally whether frequent adolescent drinking predicts adult violence once shared risk factors are taken into account through propensity score matching. The research considered multiple types of violence, including assault, robbery, and suicidal behavior, as well as other types of offending. It tested whether educational attainment and adult alcohol use and problems contribute to the adolescent drinking-adult violence relationship. Method: Data came from a longitudinal epidemiological study of a community cohort of urban African Americans followed from age 6 to 42 (N = 702; 51% female). Frequent adolescent drinking was operationalized as 20 times or more by age 16. Data on violent arrests and offenses were collected throughout adulthood from self-reports and offi cial criminal records. Matching variables came from childhood and adolescence and included such shared risk factors as childhood externalizing behaviors, school achievement, and family functioning. Results: Adjusted logistic regression analyses on the sample matched on childhood and adolescent risk factors showed that frequent adolescent drinking was associated with an increased risk of violence in young adulthood (in particular assault) but not with other types of crime, self-directed violence, or violence in midlife. Findings varied by gender. Heavy episodic drinking in adulthood seemed to account for some of the association between frequent adolescent drinking and adult assault. Conclusions:The results of this study suggest that preventing frequent adolescent drinking could potentially decrease adult assault. This study adds to the growing body of literature suggesting long-term negative consequences of adolescent alcohol use. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 72, 701-710, 2011)

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“…For female adolescents, however, the evidence is equivocal (e.g. DuRant et al 1994;Feigelman et al, 2000), and even less is known about the relationship between neighbourhood quality and disruptive behaviours in younger girls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%