Psychoradiological investigations of gray matter alterations in patients with anorexia nervosa

Zhang, Simin; Wang, Weina; Su, Xiaorui; Kemp, Graham J.; Yang, Xibiao; Su, Jingkai; Tan, Qiaoyue; Zhao, Youjin; Sun, Huaiqiang; Yue, Qiang; Gong, Qiyong

doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0323-3

Cited by 18 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The main findings were as follows: in AN. The findings of reduced GMV in the ACC and MCC are partly consistent with a previous meta-analysis that showed decreased GMV in the bilateral MCC and PCC (Zhang et al, 2018). The minor difference may be due to the larger number of studies and more accurate methodology used in this meta-analysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Structural and functional brain alterations in anorexia nervosa:A multimodal meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies

Gong

Tang

et al. 2021

Human Brain Mapping

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Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex psychiatric disorder with poorly understood etiology. Numerous voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional imaging studies have provided strong evidence of abnormal brain structure and intrinsic and functional activities in AN, but with inconsistent conclusions. Herein, a wholebrain meta-analysis was conducted on VBM (660 patients with AN, and 740 controls) and resting-state functional imaging (425 patients with AN, and 461 controls) studies that measured differences in the gray matter volume (GMV) and intrinsic functional activity between patients with AN and healthy controls (HCs). Overall, patients with AN displayed decreased GMV in the bilateral median cingulate cortex (extending to the bilateral anterior and posterior cingulate cortex), and left middle occipital gyrus (extending to the left inferior parietal lobe). In resting-state functional imaging studies, patients with AN displayed decreased resting-state functional activity in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral median cingulate cortex, and increased resting-state functional activity in the right parahippocampal gyrus. This multimodal meta-analysis identified reductions of gray matter and functional activity in the anterior and median cingulate in patients with AN, which contributes to further understanding of the pathophysiology of AN.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Structural and functional brain alterations in anorexia nervosa:A multimodal meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies

Gong

Tang

et al. 2021

Human Brain Mapping

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“…These findings seem to normalize after long-term recovery, especially for the adult population, while for adolescents data are scarce [ 7 , 10 ]. Regional volume decreases have also been detected, more pronounced in the cingulate cortex, the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the amygdala [ 11 ]. On the other hand, studies in adult patients have demonstrated increased GM volumes in the insula and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging Findings in Adolescents and Young Adults with Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious, multifactorial mental disorder affecting predominantly young females. This systematic review examines neuroimaging findings in adolescents and young adults up to 24 years old, in order to explore alterations associated with disease pathophysiology. Methods: Eligible studies on structural and functional brain neuroimaging were sought systematically in PubMed, CENTRAL and EMBASE databases up to October 05, 2020. Results: Thirty-three studies were included, investigating a total of 587 patients with a current diagnosis of AN and 663 healthy controls (HC). Global and regional grey matter (GM) volume reduction as well as white matter (WM) microstructure alterations were detected. The mainly affected regions were the prefrontal, parietal and temporal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, insula, thalamus and cerebellum as well as various WM tracts such as corona radiata and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Regarding functional imaging, alterations were pointed out in large-scale brain networks, such as default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN) and salience network (SN). Most findings appear to reverse after weight restoration. Specific limitations of neuroimaging studies in still developing individuals are also discussed. Conclusions: Structural and functional alterations are present in the early course of the disease, most of them being partially or totally reversible. Nonetheless, neuroimaging findings have been open to many biological interpretations. Thus, more studies are needed to clarify their clinical significance.

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“…There is evidence that neuroplasticity is impaired in AN and this may correlate with cognitive inflexibility. Reductions in grey and white matter volumes have been identified AN [146,[174][175][176]. BDNF gene polymorphisms are associated with AN patients [177,178] as well as low levels of BDNF itself [175,179,180].…”

Section: Brain Plasticity and Neurotrophic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psilocybin as a Novel Pharmacotherapy for Treatment-Refractory Anorexia Nervosa

2021

obm neurobiol

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Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a major health problem with one of the highest mortalities and treatment costs of any psychiatric condition. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is currently the most widely used treatment for AN in adults but provides remission rates ≤ 50%. Treatment drop-out is exceedingly high and those that persevere with treatment often relapse, causing increased risk of morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need to find new interventions, especially as there are no approved pharmacological treatments for AN. Ideally, new treatments would target treatment-resistance and to decrease the chronicity associated with the disorder. Over the past two decades, emerging research into classic psychedelic substances (lysergic diethylamide acid (LSD), 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and psilocybin), indicates that marked reductions in anxiety and depression-like symptoms, and lasting improvement in mental health, can follow from one or two exposures to these psychedelic substances. Anxiety and depression are the most prevalent co-morbid psychiatric symptoms in AN. Here we suggest that classic psychedelics, particularly psilocybin, have the potential to normalise dysfunctional neurobiological systems in AN and provide a novel treatment intervention that is worthy of consideration, particularly for treatment-resistant patients.

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Psychoradiological investigations of gray matter alterations in patients with anorexia nervosa

Cited by 18 publications

References 67 publications

Structural and functional brain alterations in anorexia nervosa:A multimodal meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies

Structural and functional brain alterations in anorexia nervosa:A multimodal meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies

Neuroimaging Findings in Adolescents and Young Adults with Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review

Psilocybin as a Novel Pharmacotherapy for Treatment-Refractory Anorexia Nervosa

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