Psychopathy and Associated Factors Among Newly Admitted Prisoners in Correctional Institution Located in Bench Sheko and West Omo Zone, South West Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Wolde, Asrat; Tesfaye, Yonas; Yitayih, Yimenu

doi:10.2147/prbm.s294013

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Objective clinical risks do exist, not as a result of an illness a prisoner is affected by in itself but of the structural and residential context [24,25]. Clinical risk procedures can only be applied to the internal health service, not to the entire prison complex, due to the fact that prisons are not hospitals; they are containers that house a subdivision of the SSN.…”

Section: Clinical Risk In Prisons: Reality or Myth?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health in Prison: Does Penitentiary Medicine in Italy Still Exist?

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the detailed legislative developments that have occurred within the context of prison medicine in Italy, problems of a management nature continue to affect prisoner health and management, which in turn impact the prison system’s ability to offer prisoners a real opportunity for rehabilitation. Certain behavioral aspects reported in prisons may alter and negatively impact the normal doctor-patient relationship, including elements that hinder the therapeutic alliance and impede proper clinical risk prevention and management. However, practical steps may be taken in connection with the analysis of flows and healthcare services that may enable prison administrations to bring about a true, modern restructure of the prison system.

show abstract

Section: Clinical Risk In Prisons: Reality or Myth?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health in Prison: Does Penitentiary Medicine in Italy Still Exist?

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…People who chew khat are exposed to higher trait anger and negative responses during stress [ 80 ], and mild dysphoria and sedation after the end of the chewing sessions [ 81 ]. Studies among prisoners in correctional institutions show that inmates with psychopathy had three times higher odds of having a khat use history than those without psychopathy [ 46 ], and high-risk khat chewers were more likely to develop psychopathy than non-risk khat chewers, although the operational definition relating to what constitutes ‘risky use’ is not provided in the study [ 82 ]. Although khat use helps to cope with the side effects of antipsychotic drugs, drowsiness, and hunger among people with schizophrenia, it is also found to increase the risk of relapse and readmission to a psychiatric ward [ 20 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…or Do you currently use khat'), with 'yes/no' as potential answers. The remaining studies employed tools like the modified version of "Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV (AUDA-DIS-IV)" [32], a single Likert scale question with varying points (e.g., 2-point scale, 4-point scales) [33,34], or questions about the age of the onset of chewing [35], and the amount of chewing [36]. Only two studies employed a standardized and khat-specific multi-item module for measuring khat chewing [37,38].…”

Section: Measurement Of Khat Chewing Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is chewing khat associated with mental health disorders? A scoping review of the content and quality of the current evidence base

Olani

Gerbaba

Getnet

et al. 2023

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Khat (Catha edulis) is a plant commonly found in the horn of Africa whose leaves are chewed for their psycho-stimulant effects. Several studies have demonstrated the association between khat use and mental health problems. Nevertheless, evidence is mixed and inconsistent, warranting further review of available studies. This scoping review is aimed at investigating the content and quality of evidence base on the associations between khat use and mental health disorders and suggesting avenues for further research. Methods We used a scoping review methodology to map the existing evidence using PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, and CINAHL databases. Primary studies focusing on the association between any pattern of khat use and any form of mental health disorders are included. The review focused on all age groups, any study design, all geographical locations, and any publication year. The terms used for searching eligible studies include khat, mental disorders, and various alternative terminologies. Narrative review is employed to present findings. Results 7,121 articles were found, of which 108 were eligible, conducted across 12 different countries. The majority of the studies was done during the last ten years and the studies mostly employed cross-sectional design. About 10 different categories of mental health disorders have been identified as showing associations with khat use. Despite many contradictory findings between the studies, most of the evidence base suggests that khat use is associated with mental health disorders. Non-specific psychological distress is the most frequently mentioned mental health problem (reported in 26.9% of the studies). Khat use as a predictor variable is mostly assessed using a ‘yes/no’ category, and as a result, dose-dependent effects of khat use on mental health are not given much consideration. Conclusion Although most of the studies associate khat use with mental health disorders, the causal relationships are inconclusive given the cross-sectional design of the studies, and the presence of potential confounders and several forms of biases. Available studies also report contradictory findings. Further studies are recommended using prospective designs, standardized and valid measures of khat use, and focusing on specific types of mental health disorders.

show abstract

“…29,30 The data presented in this paper were obtained from the study on psychopathy and associated factors among newly admitted prisoners in a correctional institution located in Bench Shako and West Omo zone correctional institution, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia. 27 Even though substance use disorder, association between alcohol and trauma, association between psychopathy and khat abuse, and psychopathy and associated factors among prisoners in Ethiopia were well established [31][32][33][34] up to date, the potential association between post-traumatic stress disorder and trauma exposure with problematic khat use among prisoners has not been investigated in our country Ethiopia, or elsewhere. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the association between life time trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder with khat use disorder among newlyadmitted prisoners in Bench Shako and West Omo zone correctional institution, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Relationship Between Khat Use Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Prisoners with Life Time Trauma Exposure in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Wolde¹

2021

NDT

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Problematic khat use is an emerging health problem worldwide. Trauma experience, crime, and substance misuse is closely related. However, there is lack of evidence whether post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and life time trauma exposure has a relationship with problematic khat use among prisoners in our country Ethiopia, or elsewhere. Therefore, this study assessed the relationship between PTSD and life time trauma exposure with khat use disorder among newly admitted prisoners in Bench Shako and West Omo zone correctional institution, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 411 (N=422) prisoners from April 20 to July 19, 2019, by using a consecutive sampling technique. Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder were assessed with a life event check list and Post-traumatic stress disorder – civilian version (PCL-C), respectively. The WHO ASSIST tool was used to assess khat, alcohol, and tobacco use disorder. Antisocial personality disorder, criminal, and clinical history were also assessed. The data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and then exported to Statistical Package for Social Science version 21. A logistic regression model was used and variables with a p -value less than 0.05 in the final fitting model were stated as independent predictors of PTSD. Results Nearly one out of four prisoners exposed to life time trauma exposure developed PTSD, and the prevalence of khat use disorder among prisoners with life time trauma exposure and PTSD was 45% and 85%, respectively. Prisoners with khat use disorder had more than 5 times higher odds of association with PTSD than their counterparts (AOR=5.3, 95% CI=2.4–11.8). In addition, antisocial personality disorder (AOR=2.8, 95% CI=1.6–5.5), criminal recidivism (AOR=2.5, 95% CI=1.5–4.3), and being a driver (AOR=2, 95% CI=1.2–3.3) were positively associated with PTSD. Conclusion Khat use disorder was higher among prisoners with life time trauma exposure and PTSD, and khat use disorder was positively associated with PTSD.

show abstract

Psychopathy and Associated Factors Among Newly Admitted Prisoners in Correctional Institution Located in Bench Sheko and West Omo Zone, South West Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Health in Prison: Does Penitentiary Medicine in Italy Still Exist?

Health in Prison: Does Penitentiary Medicine in Italy Still Exist?

Is chewing khat associated with mental health disorders? A scoping review of the content and quality of the current evidence base

The Relationship Between Khat Use Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Prisoners with Life Time Trauma Exposure in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About