Psychopathology, Temperament, and Past Course in Primary Major Depressions

Cassano, Gb; Akiskal, H. S.; Musetti, Laura; Perugi, Giulio; Soriani, A.; Mignani, V.

doi:10.1159/000284608

Cited by 127 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In this regard, the decreased emotional reactivity or affective blunting observed in currently depressed patients (Peeters et al 2003) may not characterize these same individuals when depression is remitted. Moreover, while major life events appear to be less predictive of a depression relapse than they are of a first episode of this disorder (Cassano et al 1989;Ghaziuddin et al 1990;Mazure 1998), the present findings argue against the conclusion that depression renders individuals less sensitive to the effects of stress. Rather, an alternative interpretation for this pattern is that prior episodes of depression actually increase sensitivity to stress, including events of considerably lower magnitude.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Past Depression and Gender Interact to Influence Emotional Reactivity to Daily Life Stress

et al. 2008

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The present investigation examined emotional reactivity to stress in men and women with and without prior depression. Subjects with remitted depression (n = 55) and healthy controls with no history of psychiatric illness (n = 55) were studied using Experience Sampling Methodology to assess daily stressors and depressed mood. Main effects were observed for both female gender and past depression in increasing emotional reactivity to daily stressors. However, women experienced significantly greater emotional reactivity than men only among healthy controls and not among those with remitted depression. Formerly depressed men were more reactive to stress than men who never experienced depression, while no differences were observed for women across these groups. These findings suggest that a prior episode of depression renders men and women more equivalent in terms of stress vulnerability, thus helping to explain why gender differences in depression prevalence change as a function of prior episodes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Past Depression and Gender Interact to Influence Emotional Reactivity to Daily Life Stress

et al. 2008

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“…Clinical data on anxiety and depressive disorders were obtained with the use of a semistructured interview based on DSM-III-R criteria, with the Spitzer, Williams, and Gibbon (1989) semistructured interview schedule for DSM-III-R (SCID) and the Cassano et al (1989) semistructured interview for depression (SID). Diagnostic evaluations were made by psychiatrists with at least 3 years of training who, following such an interview, presented the data to one of two senior psychiatrists (M. M. or G. B.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Disorders Associated with Generalized Anxiety, Panic, and Recurrent Depressive Disorders

Mauri¹,

Sarno²,

Rossi³

et al. 1992

Journal of Personality Disorders

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Examination, the authors examined DSM-III-R personality disorders in 37 patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 40 with panic disorder (PD), and 38 with recurrent major depressive disorder (RD) in order to delineate personality disorders associated with these Axis I diagnoses. A higher proportion of PD than GAD and RD patients met criteria for one or more personality diagnosis (50% vs. 41% and 34%, respectively), and PD patients had a greater variety of personality disorders. Disorders within the "anxious cluster" especially avoidant and dependent personality patterns were the most common in all three groups of patients. It is especially noteworthy that avoidant personality was equally represented in all, PD as well as GAD or RD, suggesting that avoidant patterns are associated not only with panic attacks that characteristically lead to phobic behavior, but also with free-floating anxiety and depression. Although the findings in panic and depressive disorders are in the expected direction from the existing literature on these disorders, those in generalized anxiety disorder are somewhat at variance with the conceptualization of generalized anxiety as being distinct from panic disorder. Overall, these data are compatible with the hypothesis of a shared diathesis in the three disorders; alternatively, the anxious cluster of personalities can be considered as nonspecific concomitants or sequelae of anxiety and depressive disorders.The relationship between personality disorder and major psychiatric syn dromes represents a complex methodological challenge. DSM-III (American

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“…Previous investigations of temperament and personality domains in bipolar spectrum disorders have revealed associations with clinical course, relapse rate, suicide attempt, neurocognitive functioning, attachment, resilience, and response to antidepressants (Cassano et al, 1989; Harnic et al, 2014; Higier et al, 2014; Kesebir et al, 2015; Koukopoulos et al, 1983; Perugi et al, 2012; Rihmer et al, 2010; Sarisoy et al, 2012). Quantitative measurements of temperament and personality have also proved useful for gene identification in BD (Alliey-Rodriguez et al, 2011; Greenwood et al, 2013a; Greenwood et al, 2013b; Savitz et al, 2008c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factor analysis of temperament and personality traits in bipolar patients: Correlates with comorbidity and disorder severity

Qiu

Akiskal

Kelsoe

et al. 2017

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Background Temperament and personality traits have been suggested as endophenotypes for bipolar disorder based on several lines of evidence, including heritability. Previous work suggested an anxious-reactive factor identified across temperament and personality inventories that produced significant group discrimination and could potentially be useful in genetic analyses. We have attempted to further characterize this factor structure in a sample of bipolar patients. Methods A sample of 1195 subjects with bipolar I disorder was evaluated, all with complete data available. Dimension reduction across two inventories identified 18 factors explaining 39% of the variance. Results The two largest factors reflected affective instability and general anxiety/worry, respectively. Subsequent analyses of the clinical features associated with bipolar disorder revealed specificity for the factors in a predictable pattern. Cluster analysis of the factors identified a subgroup defined by a strong lack of general anxiety and low affective instability represented by the first two factors. The remaining subjects could be distinguished into two clusters by the presence of either more positive characteristics, including persistence/drive, spirituality, expressivity, and humor, or more negative characteristics of depression and anxiety. Limitations These analyses involved bipolar I subjects only and must be extended to other bipolar spectrum diagnoses, unaffected relatives, and individuals at risk. Conclusions These results suggest that temperament and personality measures access latent traits associated with important clinical features of bipolar disorder. By translating clinical variables into quantitative traits, we may identify subgroups of bipolar patients with distinct clinical profiles, thereby facilitating both individual treatment strategies and genetic analyses.

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Psychopathology, Temperament, and Past Course in Primary Major Depressions

Cited by 127 publications

References 7 publications

Past Depression and Gender Interact to Influence Emotional Reactivity to Daily Life Stress

Past Depression and Gender Interact to Influence Emotional Reactivity to Daily Life Stress

Personality Disorders Associated with Generalized Anxiety, Panic, and Recurrent Depressive Disorders

Factor analysis of temperament and personality traits in bipolar patients: Correlates with comorbidity and disorder severity

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