Personality Disorders Associated with Generalized Anxiety, Panic, and Recurrent Depressive Disorders

Mauri, Mauro; Sarno, Nannina; Rossi, VM; Armani, Antonella; Zambotto, S.; Cassano, Giovanni Battista; Akiskal, H. S.

doi:10.1521/pedi.1992.6.2.162

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…According to our results, there was no significant difference between GAD patients and those with a variety of other diagnoses regarding the presence of 'any' personality disorder, nor did other studies, using different control groups, find significantly higher rates of 'any' personality disorder in GAD patients compared to those with panic disorder [28,51,52], obsessive-compulsive disorder [52] or recurrent depression [51]. The strong association of GAD with obsessive-compulsive and avoidant personality found in the present study confirms the results of a previous study by Mancuso et al [56].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Greek Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

et al. 1999

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From a total sample of 1,448 psychiatric outpatients, 81 (5.6%) received a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) according to DSM-III-R criteria. Fifty-three (65%) of them had another Axis I diagnosis, while this percentage increased to 78% (63/81) when lifetime psychiatric diagnoses were recorded. The most frequent comorbid diagnoses were panic disorder, dysthymia, major depression and social phobia. Forty-three (53%) of the GAD patients met the criteria for personality disorder. They manifested obsessive-compulsive, avoidant personality and personalities of cluster C in general significantly more frequently than the rest of the total sample. The presence of a personality disorder was related to a significantly higher score on almost all the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory clinical and research scales, to a worse level of functioning and to an earlier age of onset of GAD. The results of the present study (1) support previous findings of high rates of comorbidity of clinical syndromes in GAD, (2) indicate that GAD co-occurs frequently with cluster C personality disorders, mainly avoidant and obsessive-compulsive, and (3) that the presence of a concomitant personality disorder is related to severer psychopathology and to a worse level of functioning.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Greek Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

et al. 1999

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“…In males, the most frequent disorder was the evasive personality disorder at the ratio of 25% together with the obsessivecompulsive personality disorder with the same ratio. Such findings are in line with the results of the studies indicating that the PD patients have, to begin with the evasive and dependent personality disorders, Class C personality disorders (43)(44)(45). Barzega et al (20) indicated that PD patients have at least one personality disorder at the ratio of 68.5% and there is no difference between genders.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Substance abuse disorder is also among the psychological disorder coexisting with PD (6). Furthermore, the ratio of comorbidity of the second axis personality disorders with the PD is about [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Especially Class C personality disorders, consisting the types such as avoidant, obsessive compulsive and dependent personality disorders are those coexisting with the illnesses of the individuals with PD (7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in terms of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity in patients with panic disorder

Delice¹,

Tabo²,

Alataş³

et al. 2015

Dusunen Adam

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Gender differences in terms of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity in patients with panic disorder Objectives: Comorbidity in psychiatric disorders significantly affects the clinical course, the severity of symptoms, and the response to the treatment. Panic disorder can cause considerable disability, reduction of interpersonal relationships, avoidance of certain social situations, and staying away from high-risk jobs and consequently lowering work performance causing loss of job. A number of studies have shown that panic disorder is observed more frequently in females, indicating a gender risk factor. This study investigated potential gender differences in the distribution of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity. Method: A total of 63 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria and had been diagnosed with panic disorder according to DSM-IV participated in this study. 31 (49.2%) patients were female, and 32 (50.8%) were male. Panic disorder was diagnosed with SCID-I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders). Sociodemographic data were collected using a form developed by the researchers, and the Panic Agoraphobia scale was applied in all cases. The existence of possible childhood separation anxiety was also investigated, and SCID-II was applied to identify Axis II personality disorders. Gender differences in demographic and clinical characteristics and in the comorbidity of Axis I and Axis II disorders were then investigated. Results: The reported prevalence of separation anxiety was considerably higher in the female than in the male patients. Depression, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias were more common in the female patients, whereas alcohol abuse was more common among the male patients. There was no gender difference in Axis II comorbidity. Conclusions: This comparison of gender differences in Axis I and Axis II disorders that coexist with panic disorders indicated that comorbidities of depression, social and specific phobias, and alcohol abuse comorbidities are different among the genders. However, there appeared to be gender differences in Axis II comorbidities. Key words: Comorbidity, gender differences, panic disorder ÖZET Panik bozukluğu olan hastalarda Eksen I ve Eksen II eştanısı açısından cinsiyet farklılıkları Amaç: Eştanılı durumlar psikiyatrik hastalıkların klinik seyrini, belirti şiddetini ve tedavi cevabını önemli ölçüde etkilerler. Panik bozukluğu, önemli ölçüde yeti yitimine neden olabilen, kişilerarası ilişkilerde azalma, belirli sosyal durumlardan kaçınma, yüksek riskli işlerde çalışmaktan uzak durma, dolayısıyla çalışma performansında azalma ve işsiz kalma gibi ağır sonuçları olabilen bir hastalıktır. Diğer psikiyatrik bozukluklarla sıklıkla birlikte bulunabilmekte, bu durum da yeti yitimini artırmaktadır. Birçok çalışmada panik bozukluğunun kadınlarda sık görülen bir hastalık olduğu, kadın cinsiyetinin panik bozukluğu gelişmesinde önemli bir risk faktörü olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada panik bozukluğuna eşlik eden Eksen I ve Eksen II eştanıları dağılımının...

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“…Studies have reported prevalence rates of personality disorders of 35% to 50% among patients with GAD [13,[95][96][97][98]. Compared with PD patients, GAD patients have been found to be more likely to have at least one personality disorder [13].…”

Section: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (Gad)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and Treating Anxiety Disorders in Presence of Personality Disorder Diagnosis

Palardy¹,

El‐Baalbaki²,

Bélanger³

et al. 2013

New Insights Into Anxiety Disorders

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sonality disorders are associated to high social cost and mortality, such as crime, disability, underachievement, underemployment, increased need for medical care, institutionalization, suicide attempts, self-injurious behavior, family disruption, child abuse and neglect, poverty, and homelessness [12]. This underlies the importance of finding optimal treatment for this population, and understanding the mechanisms by which personality pathology interferes with other psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety disorders. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of the literature on the co-occurrence of personality and anxiety disorders, and the treatment of the latter when comorbidity occurs. First, the influence of personality pathology on anxiety disorders in general is discussed, with no regard to specific anxiety disorders. Afterwards, the clinical features of each of the major anxiety disorders that are comorbid with personality disorders are examined separately. The influence of personality disorders on anxiety disorder symptomatology and on the course of illness is also discussed in terms of treatment. Emphasis will be on the outcome of cognitive and/or behavioral therapy, since its efficacy has been repeatedly established in the treatment of anxiety disorders. The influence of Axis II diagnosis on the outcome of pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders is also briefly discussed. Major characteristics of the studies that are reviewed in the present chapter are presented in a table. Finally, future research questions on comorbidity of anxiety disorders in the presence of personality disorders are proposed.

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Personality Disorders Associated with Generalized Anxiety, Panic, and Recurrent Depressive Disorders

Cited by 35 publications

References 8 publications

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Greek Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Greek Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Gender differences in terms of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity in patients with panic disorder

Understanding and Treating Anxiety Disorders in Presence of Personality Disorder Diagnosis

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