Psychomotor Performance Defcits and Their Relation to Prior Nights' Sleep Among Individuals with Primary Insomnia

Study Objectives: This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted (1) to estimate the prevalence of sleep-related problems, and (2) to explore factors associated with lower physical/mental quality of life (QOL), particularly addressing sleep-related problems among Japanese visually impaired people. Methods: This nationwide questionnaire-based survey was administered to visually impaired individuals through the Japan Federation of the Blind. Visually impaired individuals without light perception (LP) (n = 311), those with LP (n = 287), and age-matched and gender-matched controls (n = 615) were eligible for this study. Study questionnaires elicited demographic information, and information about visual impairment status, sleep-related problems, and health-related quality of life. Results: Visually impaired individuals with and without LP showed higher prevalence rates of irregular sleep-wake patterns and difficulty maintaining sleep than controls (34.7% and 29.4% vs. 15.8%, 60.1% and 46.7% vs. 26.8%, respectively; p < 0.001). These sleep-related problems were observed more frequently in visually impaired individuals without LP than in those with LP. Non-restorative sleep or excessive daytime sleepiness was associated with lower mental/physical QOL in visually impaired individuals with LP and in control subjects. However, visually impaired individuals without LP showed irregular sleepwake pattern or difficulty waking up at the desired time, which was associated with lower mental/physical QOL. Conclusions: Sleep-related problems were observed more frequently in visually impaired individuals than in controls. Moreover, the rates of difficulties were higher among subjects without LP. Sleep-related problems, especially circadian rhythm-related ones, can be associated with lower mental/physical QOL in visually impaired individuals without LP. Keywords: circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, health-related quality of life, light perception, prevalence, sleep-related problems, visual impairment I NTRO DUCTI O NVisually impaired individuals are likely to have any of several comorbid mental/physical disorders including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cognitive impairment, and depression/ anxiety. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The severity of these mental/physical disorders is reportedly correlated with visual impairment.1-9 Therefore, those individuals might be at risk for lower health-related quality of life (QOL). 7-10Sleep-related problems have been observed frequently in visually impaired individuals.11-15 Reportedly, especially in people without light perception (LP), inhibited transmission of light signals to the suprachiasmatic nuclei might cause sleeprelated problems because of external desynchronization of the biological clock. 16,17 Indeed, the rate of circadian-related sleepwake disorders is likely to be higher among visually impaired individuals without LP than among those with LP.12 In Japan, no large nationwide study of this subject has ever been reported. The actual prevalence of sleep-related problems amon...

show abstract

“…[34][35][36] Therefore, the present results of the association between these sleep disturbances and lower mental/physical QOL are reasonable.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey of Sleep-Related Problems in Japanese Visually Impaired Patients: Prevalence and Association with Health-Related Quality of Life

Tamura

Sasai-Sakuma

Morita

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[24][25][26] Nevertheless, these studies suffered from a limitation, namely small and heterogeneous samples, which is a limiting factor to detect small differences between individuals with insomniac individuals and healthy sleepers. In line with recent reports that insomnia preferentially interrupts the performance of complex but not of easy tasks, 27,28 we have detected deficits in working memory. A functional prefrontal cortex is the biological requisite for the normal performance of these complex tasks.…”

Section: Cognitive Impairment In Patients With Insomniasupporting

confidence: 92%

Working memory dysfunction in insomniac adults: a systematic metanalytical review

Monteiro¹,

Candida²,

Monteiro³

et al. 2016

Medical Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND:Insomnia is the most commonly occurring sleep disorder: recent reports estimate that 25-30% of adults in the general population occasional instances of experience insomnia, while 10% suffer from disturbances severe enough to meet diagnostic criteria for insomnia. Little is known about the mechanisms, causes, clinical course, and consequences of this condition. Over 30 studies have been published on the matter but only a small proportion has found differences in the working memory of individuals with vs. without insomnia. OBJECTIVE: To summarize evidence regarding the differences in working memory performance between insomniac vs. normal adult sleepers. METHODS: The survey was conducted using an advanced search in the ISI Web of Science and MEDLINE/PubMed with the terms "sleep", "insomnia" and "working memory" as major descriptors; these were crossed with the following keywords: "psychological tests", "neuropsychology" and "performance". RESULTS: A total of 112 articles were identified in the search conducted in PubMed and Web of Science. After the screening, 102 articles unrelated to the proposed theme were excluded. Thus, 10 articles were analyzed by the eligibility and exclusion criteria, and included in this systematic review. CONCLUSION: The information resulting from the analysis of the reviewed articles suggests that mild, but not definitive deficits in cognitive performance might be masked by insignificant disparities in studies comparing insomniac individuals with normal sleepers. This shortcoming can be circumvented by larger and bettercharacterized samples, together with optimized methodological control of factors which might otherwise result in confounding variations among participants.

show abstract

“…Previous research has demonstrated a relationship between poor sleep quality and impaired performance, [6][7][8][37][38][39] yet here, caffeine resulted in higher accuracy scores on the n-back task relative to placebo. The most likely explanation for this unexpected finding is that residual caffeine may have directly ameliorated some of the effects of poor sleep.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Naturalistic Effects of Five Days of Bedtime Caffeine Use on Sleep, Next-Day Cognitive Performance, and Mood

Keenan

Tiplady

Priestley

et al. 2014

Journal of Caffeine Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Disruptive effects of caffeine on sleep have previously been reported, although measures of next-day mood and performance have rarely been included. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of caffeine on sleep and associated next-day effects in a naturalistic field setting. Methods: Nineteen participants (daily caffeine intake 0-141 mg), assessed as good sleepers, took part in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 2-week crossover study to assess the effects of bedtime caffeine use (250 mg) on sleep and next-day cognitive performance and mood, which were assessed on a mobile phone in the morning and afternoon. Sleep was assessed objectively (actiwatch) and subjectively (sleep diary). Results: Caffeine's effects on sleep were largely restricted to the first day of administration, with actigraphically measured reduced sleep efficiency, increased activity score and fragmentation index, decreased self-rated sleep quality, and an increased occurrence of participants waking early; only decreased sleep efficiency remained over the week. Effects on next-day performance and mood were evident over the whole week, although despite disrupting sleep, accuracy on a working memory task was higher after caffeine than placebo administration. Conclusions: Caffeine disrupted sleep, although when assessing next-day performance, which may have been affected by the presence of residual caffeine, performance appeared better after caffeine compared to placebo, although this was most likely due to prevention of the effects of overnight withdrawal from caffeine rather than representing a net benefit. Furthermore, partial tolerance developed to the effects of caffeine on sleep.

show abstract

Psychomotor Performance Defcits and Their Relation to Prior Nights' Sleep Among Individuals with Primary Insomnia

Cited by 151 publications

References 28 publications

A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey of Sleep-Related Problems in Japanese Visually Impaired Patients: Prevalence and Association with Health-Related Quality of Life

A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey of Sleep-Related Problems in Japanese Visually Impaired Patients: Prevalence and Association with Health-Related Quality of Life

Working memory dysfunction in insomniac adults: a systematic metanalytical review

Naturalistic Effects of Five Days of Bedtime Caffeine Use on Sleep, Next-Day Cognitive Performance, and Mood

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About