Psychometric Support for the Ownership in Exercise and Empowerment in Exercise Scales

Psychometric Properties of the Abbreviated Perceived Motivational Climate in Exercise Questionnaire

“…Support for the PMCEQ-27's constructs exists in prior research, with reliability values ranging from .84 to .90, and consistently correlate with concurrent validity constructs in theoryhypothesized directions and magnitudes Hogue et al, 2013;Huddleston et al, 2012;Moore & Fry, 2014). For example, Huddleston et al (2012) found a task-involving climate to be significantly positively correlated with exercise enjoyment (r = .38), competence (r = .31), and effort (r = .32); whereas, an ego-involving climate was significantly, negatively correlated with enjoyment (r = -.26), competence (r = -.36), and effort (r = -.32).…”

“…He suggested that leaders in achievement settings are in a prime position to influence individuals' motivation by shaping the participants' definitions of success. While the motivational climate research has been more systematically applied to sport and physical education settings (e.g., Iwasaki & Fry, 2013;Papaioannou, Marsh, & Theodorakis, 2004;Wang, Liu, Chatzisarantis, & Lim, 2010), a growing number of researchers have argued for its application to extend to exercise and fitness settings as well (Brown & Fry, 2014a;Hogue et al, 2013;Huddleston et al, 2012;Moore & Fry, 2014). Researchers have argued that staff in fitness settings are similar to physical education teachers and coaches in their opportunities to work with participants-thereby influencing members' future commitment to physical activity Huberty et al, 2008).…”

“…Fitness center environments provide an ideal location to promote exercise as part of a healthy lifestyle, but unfortunately they can be intimidating places for individuals (Miller & Miller, 2010). Emerging research in the field of exercise psychology has shown the benefits of fostering a task-involving over an ego-involving climate to enhance individuals' motivational responses and likelihood of commitment to an exercise program Brown, Fry, & Little, 2013;Hogue, Fry, Fry, & Pressman, 2013;Huddleston, Fry, & Brown, 2012;Moore & Fry, 2014). The Perceived Motivational Climate in Exercise Questionnaire (PMCEQ; Huddleston et al, 2012), a tool for measuring perceptions of the climate, was developed; however, the 27-item instrument's length can be problematic for applied researchers who wish to maximize the participant pool by minimizing respondent burden.…”

“…The resultant PMCEQ was a multidimensional 27-item scale that measured participants' perceptions of two identified constructs (i.e., task-and ego-involving climates) in exercise settings. The PMCEQ has been used in several research studies considering the motivational climate in exercise settings and demonstrated statistical integrity with moderate to high CFA factor loadings, Cronbach's alpha values above .70, and significant relationships of expected magnitude and direction with a variety of different outcome constructs-including caring climate, commitment, ownership in exercise, empowerment in exercise, and satisfaction with life Brown & Fry, 2014b;Hogue et al, 2013;Huddleston et al, 2012;Moore & Fry, 2014).…”

“…This data came from a larger study Moore & Fry, 2014), so participants' responses to the PMCEQ-27, the CCS, the OES, and the Subjective Happiness Scale were used for concurrent validity testing.…”