Psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale in a sample of German dementia patients and their caregivers

Deeken, Friederike; Häusler, Andreas; Nordheim, Johanna; Rapp, Michael A.; Knoll, Nina; Rieckmann, Nina

doi:10.1017/s1041610217001387

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The shorter forms of the items were selected from the original PSS-14. The PSS scale had been used to measure stress of patients, police, students, nurses, pregnant women and the elderly in many countries [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. PSS-14 was first introduced for Chinese population by professor Yang et al in 2003 [34].…”

Section: Perceived Stress Scale (Pss)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 on psychology of nurses working in the emergency and fever outpatient:A cross-sectional survey

Cui¹,

Jiang

Shi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background COVID-19 poses a great challenge to the global health system. The nurses of emergency and fever outpatient (EFO) act as gatekeepers to the health care system in the public health response to COVID-19 epidemic. This study examined the psychological impact of COVID-19 upon EFO nurses in Chinese hospitals. Methods In midmonth of February, 2020, convenience sampling was used to recruit EFO nurses from hospitals in Jiangsu Province. Data were obtained by self-administered online questionnaires, which consisted of a general questionnaire, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Perceived Stress Scale-14 and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. A total of 481 questionnaires were returned and 453 valid questionnaires were recovered. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the influence of socio-psychological and working condition factors on anxiety, stress and stress coping tendency. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the associations among anxiety, stress and coping tendency. Results Among the participants, 281(62.03%) had no anxiety symptoms, 154(34.00%) had mild anxiety, 16(3.53%) had moderate anxiety, and 2(0.44%) had severe anxiety. There were 146(32.23%) participants with scores greater than 25 in the PSS, indicating excessive stress. We found that 229(50.55%) participants were more likely to respond positively to stress, while 224(49.45%) were more likely to respond negatively. The models we used included gender, fear of infecting family members, regretting being a nurse, having children, confidence in fighting outbreak, rest time, professional attitudes, having attended infection prevention training, and number of night shifts; and they were all predictors of the mental health of EFO nurses. Pearson correlation showed a positive correlation of the anxiety with stress score (r=0.443, P<0.001), while the coping tendency score was found negatively correlated with anxiety (r=-0.268, P< 0.001) and stress (r=-0.503, P< 0.001). Conclusion COVID-19 has a certain psychosocial impact upon EFO nurses. Effective measures, such as strengthening protection training, adequate nurses for emergency and fever clinics, reducing night shifts, and timely updates of latest epidemic situation, should be taken. Moreover, greater attention should be paid to female EFO nurses and nurses with children.

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Section: Perceived Stress Scale (Pss)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 on psychology of nurses working in the emergency and fever outpatient:A cross-sectional survey

Cui¹,

Jiang

Shi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Numerous investigators (e.g. Cohen et al, 1983;Deeken et al, 2018;Ezzati et al, 2014) have observed a better fit of a two-factor model to that of a unidimensional model using the 14-item version. Similar results were found with the 10-item scale (Baik et al, 2017;Barbosa-Leiker et al, 2013;Reis et al, 2010;Taylor, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper adds to the small but growing literature (e.g. Deeken, et al, 2018) about the performance of the PSS in dementia patients and their caregivers.…”

Section: Contributions Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Little psychometric evaluation has been performed on this measure among Hispanic respondents, and even less among Latino caregivers to persons with Alzheimer's disease. One recent study (Deeken et al, 2018) examined the 14-item PSS in German patients with dementia and their caregivers using factor analyses. The results supported a twofactor solution corresponding to the positively and negatively worded items in both patients and caregivers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the measurement properties of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) in Hispanic caregivers to patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders

Teresi

Ocepek‐Welikson

Ramírez

et al. 2020

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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Objectives: The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is the most widely used measure of perceived stress; however, minimal psychometric evaluation has been performed among Hispanic respondents, and even less among Hispanic caregivers to persons with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (ADRDs). Design: Secondary data analysis. Setting: New York City, NY, USA. Participants: A sample of 453 community dwelling Hispanic caregivers to patients with ADRD. Measurements: Latent variable models were used to evaluate the PSS. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine unidimensionality. Differential item functioning (DIF) was examined for age, education, and language using the graded item response model. Results: The factor and bifactor analyses results supported essential unidimensionality of the item set; however, positively worded items were observed using response item theory to be less informative than the negatively worded items. Reliability estimates were high. Salient DIF was not observed for age, education, or language of interview using the primary DIF detection method. Sensitivity analyses using a second DIF detection method identified uniform language-DIF for the item, “In the last month, how often have you felt that you were on top of things?” However, the non-compensatory DIF value was below the threshold considered salient. Conclusions: In summary, the 10-item PSS performed well in a sample of English- and Spanish-speaking Hispanic caregivers to patients with ADRD. Very little DIF, and none of high magnitude and impact, was observed. However, the negatively worded items, perhaps because they are more directly reflective of stress, were more informative. In the context of a short-form measure or computerized adaptive test, more informative items are those that would be selected for inclusion.

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“…The score of Chinese PSS equals total score minus 14. A higher score indicates that psychological pressure is higher, which is harmful to the physical and mental health [ 41 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immersive Virtual Reality–Based Cognitive Intervention for the Improvement of Cognitive Function, Depression, and Perceived Stress in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia: Pilot Pre-Post Study

Zhu¹,

Zhang²,

He³

et al. 2022

JMIR Serious Games

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Background The incidence of dementia is increasing annually, resulting in varying degrees of adverse effects for individuals, families, and society. With the continuous development of computer information technology, cognitive interventions are constantly evolving. The use of immersive virtual reality (IVR) as a cognitive intervention for older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia (MD) is promising, although only few studies have focused on its use. Objective The Chinese virtual supermarket (CVSM) IVR system was developed to provide a comprehensive and individual cognitive intervention program for older patients with MCI and MD. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility and clinical effectiveness of this 5-week IVR-based cognitive intervention. Methods A pretest-posttest study design was conducted with 31 older adults with MCI and MD from August 2020 to January 2021. All participants participated in a 5-week immersive virtual cognitive training program using the CVSM system. Feasibility was assessed as the incidence and severity of cybersickness symptoms and participant satisfaction based on questionnaires conducted after the intervention. Clinical effectiveness was evaluated using neuropsychological assessments, including several commonly used measures of cognitive function, depression, perceived stress, and activities of daily living. Measurements were obtained at baseline and after the intervention period. Results A total of 18 patients with MCI (mean age 82.94 [SD 5.44] years; 12 females) and 13 patients with MD (mean age 85.7 [SD 4.67] years, 10 females) participated in this pilot study. Both groups showed significant improvements in all cognitive function measurements (P<.001). The MD group had a significantly greater improvement in general cognitive function compared to the MCI group in Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Shape Trail Test, and Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Furthermore, an intervention effect was observed in the improvement of perceived stress (P=.048 for MD group, P=.03 for MCI group ). Conclusions The use of the CVSM system may be effective in enhancing the cognitive function of patients with MCI and MD, including general cognitive function, memory, executive function, and attention. IVR technology enriches cognitive intervention approaches and provides acceptable, professional, personalized, and interesting cognitive training for older adults with cognitive impairment. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials ChiCTR2100043753; https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ChiCTR2100043753

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Psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale in a sample of German dementia patients and their caregivers

Abstract: The present data indicate that the PSS provides a reliable and valid measure of perceived stress in dementia patients and their caregivers.

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Impact of COVID-19 on psychology of nurses working in the emergency and fever outpatient:A cross-sectional survey

Impact of COVID-19 on psychology of nurses working in the emergency and fever outpatient:A cross-sectional survey

Evaluation of the measurement properties of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) in Hispanic caregivers to patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders

Immersive Virtual Reality–Based Cognitive Intervention for the Improvement of Cognitive Function, Depression, and Perceived Stress in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia: Pilot Pre-Post Study

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