Psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale: Factor structure, reliability, gender, and age measurement invariance

Abstract

Measurement instruments that have satisfactory psychometric properties are needed to improve mental health research and services, especially in the effort to measure, identify, and monitor the psychological problems experienced by individuals. The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). The study involved 1,922 participants from Surabaya aged between 16 and 26. The data were obtained using the convenience sampling method. Testing of the factor structure, reliability, and measurement invariance of the Indonesian DASS was performed using a confirmatory factor, composite reliability, and multi-group analysis. It was found that a bifactor model consisting of specific (depression, anxiety, and stress) and general (psychological distress) factors was the best structure for the DASS. Furthermore, the model also showed satisfactory composite reliability and measurement invariance across genders. The results indicated that the Indonesian version of the DASS was a valid and reliable instrument for measuring and comparing depression, anxiety, stress, and psychological distress between genders in the Indonesian sample.

Fear of Covid-19 And Work Engagement as Predictors of Psychological Distress in Medical Residents

“…Here are some items asked: "I feel my mouth is dry, I experience shaking hands, I feel my life is meaningless . "Composite reliability for the depression (0.872), anxiety (0.806), stress (0.816) and psychological distress 0.917 (Mutaqqin & Ripa, 2021). (Kristiana, et al, 2018).…”

Prevalensi dan Asosiasi Antara Depresi, Kecemasan, Stres, dan Kualitas Tidur Pada Mahasiswa Selama Pandemi Covid-19

“…DASS merupakan alat ukur status emosi negatif individu yang dapat dipakai pada partisipan klinis maupun non klinis (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). DASS 42 item versi Indonesia valid dan reliabel untuk mengukur tingkat depresi, kecemasan, dan stres pada populasi Indonesia (Muttaqin & Ripa, 2021;Widyana dkk., 2020). Properti psikometri DASS-42 Indonesia versi online dilakukan Widyana, dkk (2020) memiliki reliabilitas .954 untuk sub skala depresi, .903 untuk sub skala kecemasan, dan .917 untuk sub skala stres.…”

Testing the validity and reliability of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-21 instrument for individuals with psychodermatology

“…For example, González-Rivera et al (2020) research indicated a low model fit between the data and the structure of DASS-21. Other findings show that the bifactor model, by adding a new factor termed "psycho-logical distress," produces the best model fit value compared to Lovibond's original model (Bottesi et al, 2015;Henry & Crawford, 2005;Kia-Keating et al, 2018;Muttaqin & Ripa, 2021).…”

“…The results of the DASS-21 reliability test had values ranging from .77 to .90 (Kinanth et al, 2020). In addition to Kinanthi et al (2020), psychometric evaluation has been conducted by Muttaqin and Ripa (2021), whose study showed that DASS-21 has good validity and reliability after factor analysis, composite reliability, and measurement invariance were conducted (Muttaqin & Ripa, 2021).…”

“…However, the psychometric evaluation of DASS-21 conducted by Kinanthi et al (2020) and Muttaqin and Ripa (2021) did not evaluate DASS-21 in clinical populations, although several studies outside Indonesia show that it can be used in clinical populations on the basis of good validity and reliability values (Antony et al, 1998;Bottesi et al, 2015;Ng et al, 2007;Page et al, 2007;Wood et al, 2010;Yıldırım et al, 2018). For example, a study conducted in Turkey with a clinical population yielded good construct validity by achieving a model fit with the DASS-21 structure when Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted, together with strong alpha coefficient reliability values of .87, .85, and .81 for the depression, anxiety and stress subscales respectively (Yıldırım et al, 2018).…”