Psychometric Measures of Boredom: A Review of the Literature

Vodanovich, Stephen J.

doi:10.1080/00223980309600636

Cited by 239 publications

(263 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Consistent with the last, dispositional definition, there is an extensive literature suggesting substantial individual differences in susceptibility to boredom (Vodanovich, 2003). Attention slips and action failures are frequently attributed to situational boredom (Reason & Lucas, 1984;Robertson et al, 1997) and, consistent with this claim, boredom proneness, assessed by the Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS), has been found to be positively associated with the CFQ (Wallace, Kass, & Stanny, 2002;Wallace, Vodanovich, & Restino, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Absent-mindedness: Lapses of conscious awareness and everyday cognitive failures

Cheyne

Carriere

Smilek

2006

Consciousness and Cognition

368

303

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A brief self-report scale was developed to assess everyday performance failures arising directly or primarily from brief failures of sustained attention (attention-related cognitive errors-ARCES). The ARCES was found to be associated with a more direct measure of propensity to attention lapses (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale-MAAS) and to errors on an existing behavioral measure of sustained attention (Sustained Attention to Response Task-SART). Although the ARCES and MAAS were highly correlated, structural modelling revealed the ARCES was more directly related to SART errors and the MAAS to SART RTs, which have been hypothesized to directly reflect the lapses of attention that lead to SART errors. Thus, the MAAS and SART RTs appear to directly reflect attention lapses, whereas the ARCES and SART errors reflect the mistakes these lapses are thought to cause. Boredom proneness was also assessed by the BPS, as a separate consequence of a propensity to attention lapses. Although the ARCES was significantly associated with the BPS, this association was entirely accounted for by the MAAS, suggesting that performance errors and boredom are separate consequences of lapses in attention. A tendency to even extraordinarily brief attention lapses on the order of milliseconds may have far-reaching consequences not only for safe and efficient task performance but also for sustaining the motivation to persist in and enjoy these tasks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Absent-mindedness: Lapses of conscious awareness and everyday cognitive failures

Cheyne

Carriere

Smilek

2006

Consciousness and Cognition

368

303

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“…Despite the increased scientific interest in boredom and its wide scope of implications, the current understanding of boredom is unsatisfactory; an issue that many scholars have raised (see Eastwood et al, 2012;Leary, Rogers, Canfield, & Coe, 1986;Van Tilburg & Igou, 2012;Vodanovich, 2003). Particularly striking is the lack of knowledge about the differences of boredom in relation to other negative emotions, with only a handful of studies considering other emotions alongside boredom (e.g., Goldberg et al, 2011;Smith & Ellsworth, 1985;Van Tilburg & Igou, 2012).…”

Section: How Does Boredom Compare To Other Emotions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We attempted to develop a foothold for understanding boredom by empirically testing whether and to which degree boredom could be differentiated from a range of other negative emotions. In the present undertaking, we examined boredom's position relative to other negative emotions using three common classifications for boredom: as a concept (Barbalet, 1999), as a state experience (Fahlman, Mercer-Lynn, Flora, & Eastwood, 2013), and at the level of individual differences (Vodanovich, 2003).…”

Section: How Does Boredom Compare To Other Emotions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Boredom begs to differ: Differentiation from other negative emotions.

Tilburg¹,

Igou

2017

Emotion

147

171

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.The authors declare that there are no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. All authors consented to the submission of this manuscript. AbstractBoredom research is booming. Nonetheless, a comprehensive understanding of boredom in relation to other negative emotions is lacking. This ambiguity impedes accurate interpretation of boredom's causes and consequences. To gain more insights into boredom, we examined in detail how it differs from a range of other negative experiences, namely sadness, anger, frustration, fear, disgust, depression, guilt, shame, regret, and disappointment. Our research indicates that the appraisals associated with boredom distinguish it clearly from other negative emotions; conceptually (Study 1), in terms of state experiences (Study 2), and in terms of individual differences in these experiences (Study 3). Our findings suggest that boredom is mild in negative valence, low in arousal, is associated with low perceived challenge, low perceived meaningfulness, and has low relevance to moral judgment and behavior. Boredom also involves low attention given to situations and tasks, and the lack of perceived meaningfulness and attention associated with boredom emerged as particularly distinctive characteristics. The findings underscore the importance of carefully discriminating boredom from other emotions in experimental induction, psychometric assessment, and conceptual discussion.

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“…Thus, a definition of what boredom is, and what constitutes normal and atypical levels of boredom would go a long way toward advancing both research and treatment. For instance, it is known that the phenomenon of boredom is associated with depression and that often both co-occur in conditions such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cancer, and in patients who are hospitalized for other psychiatric and physical disorders (Binnema, 2004;Hamilton et al 1984;Seel & Kreutzer, 2003;Theobald, Kirsch, Holtsclaw, Donaghy, & Passik, 2003;Passik, Inman, Kirsh, Thwobald, & Dickerson, 2003;Vodanovich, Verner, & Gillbride, 1991;Vodanovich, 2003).…”

Section: List Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, the experience of boredom has repeatedly been shown to be highly correlated with depression (Farmer & Sundberg, 1986;Theobald, et al, 2003;Passik, 2003;Passik et al, 2003;Vodanovich, 2003). Consequently, the experience of boredom has not been clearly differentiated from other, similarly experienced, affective states or syndromes.…”

Section: Boredom and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%