Psychometric Evaluation of the Parentification Inventory–Swahili Version With Kenyan Adults: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity

Abstract

The immediate concerns and aftereffects of parentification in the United States are well documented. However, the correlates of parentification in international communities are less known. This psychometric study explored the validity of a Swahili version of the Parentification Inventory (PI; Hooper, 2009) with a sample of 279 Kenyan adults. Factor analysis produced a 3‐factor structure, but with fewer items (N = 17) than in the original PI (N = 22). Recommendations for using the PI–Swahili Version are discussed.Las preocupaciones inmediatas y las secuelas de la parentificación en los Estados Unidos están bien documentadas. Sin embargo, las correlaciones de la parentificación en comunidades internacionales son menos conocidas. Este estudio psicométrico exploró la validez de una versión en suajili del Inventario de Parentificación (PI, por sus siglas en inglés; Hooper, 2009) en una muestra de 279 kenianos adultos. El análisis factorial produjo una estructura de 3 factores, pero con menos elementos (N = 17) que en el PI original (N = 22). Se discuten recomendaciones para el uso de la versión en suajili del PI.

Family and Systems Theory in Counselor Education: A PRISMA Systematic Review

“…Implementation as a primary theme encompasses articles that recommend adjustments to existing practices within counselor education and professional counseling practice based on alignment with family and systems theory literature. These include recommendations like adjusting treatment (Copley & Carney, 2020; Hurst et al, 2012; Miller & Dillman, 2016), pedagogy (Amatea et al, 2013; Sommer et al, 2011), research practices (Copley & Carney, 2020; Hanna, 2011; Hooper & Britnell, 2012; Hurst et al, 2012; Marquis et al, 2011; Miller & Dillman, 2016; Sommer et al, 2011), assessment approaches (Gold, 2017; 2021; Hooper et al, 2020; Juhnke et al, 2013; Nagy et al, 2021; Neukrug et al, 2013; Peterson et al, 2014; Sanches-Nunez et al, 2013) and institutional or policy change (Hanna, 2011; Hooper & Britnell, 2012; Marquis et al, 2011). Articles with this designation heuristic were further identified by two secondary themes: Research and assessment.…”

“…Articles encompassed within this theme recommend that our assessment procedures and training should be sensitive to family and systems theory which may require an adaptation of assessments not developed for family systems implementation. Recommendations emergent from these articles speak specifically to issues related to blended families (Gold, 2017), abused children (Juhnke et al, 2013), contextual trauma (Gold, 2021) emotional intelligence (Sánches-Núñez et al, 2013), multicultural family dynamics (Hooper et al, 2020; Nagy et al, 2021), relational conflict (Bokar et al, 2011), and general assessment procedures and training (Neukrug et al, 2013; Peterson et al, 2014; Platt & Skowron, 2013).…”

Exploring Resiliency and Parentification in Polish Adolescents

“…Individuals who are taking the role of the family carer may be positively reinforced by the family and their environment because of the cultural influences. Thus, it is important to take the cultural context under consideration to better understand the outcomes of parentification [ 65 ].…”

Psychometric Evaluation of the Parentification Inventory in a Polish Adolescent Sample

“…Both versions are identical (i.e., the item content is the same), although the items are presented in past (retrospective) or present (current) tense, respectively. Additionally, the 22-item PI has been adapted, translated, and reliably used in the context of international research and ethnically diverse adult samples (e.g., Columbia, Kenya, and Poland; Hooper, 2014; Hooper et al, 2020). The translation process involved forward and backward translation (i.e., translated into Polish and then translated back into English) as recommended by Sireci and Berberoglu (2000).…”

“…Many adolescents around the world—including in Poland—encounter caregiving environments and experiences recognized as risk factors of parentification such as divorce, economic hardships, parental conflict, parental substance abuse, or labor migration (Haxhe, 2016; Hooper et al, 2020; Macfie et al, 2015; Mier-Chairez et al, 2019). For example, the divorce rates in Poland have consistently increased and the marriage rates continue to decrease (Błażek & Lewandowska-Walter, 2017; Paprzycka et al, 2020).…”