Psychology of athletes' dual careers: A state-of-the-art critical review of the European discourse

Career development and transitions of athletes: the International Society of Sport Psychology Position Stand Revisited

“…-Athletic career transition model (Stambulova, 2003) -Holistic athletic career model (Wylleman, 2019a;) -Developmental model of sport participation (Côté, Baker, & Abernethy, 2007) -Holistic ecological approach: athletic talent development environment model and environment success factors model (Henriksen, Stambulova, & Roessler, 2010) -Scheme of change for sport psychology practice (Samuel & Tenenbaum, 2011) -Cultural transition model New applied frameworks: -Assistance in career transition model (Stambulova, 2012) -Taxonomy of career interventions (Stambulova, 2012) and CAPs (Torregrossa et al, in press) New paradigm: Cultural praxis of athletes' careers Lavallee, & Tod, 2013; Stambulova & Wylleman, 2019) and international projects (e.g., "Gold in Education and Elite Sport", GEES, 2016), led to consolidation of the body of knowledge that we currently call the ACD (see Figure 1). Figure 1 shows the ACD as constructed of: assumptions that are no longer questioned among career researchers and practitioners (i.e., foundations), two interrelated research areascareer development and career transitionswith an appliedcareer assistancepart of the ACD built upon, and cultural praxis of athletes' careers paradigm linking all parts of this construction together (Stambulova, 2016;.…”

“…Two major state-of-the art reviews of the European DC research (Guidotti et al, 2015;Stambulova & Wylleman, 2019) embraced in total 90+ publications in English language for the 2007-2018 period. In short, DC pathways of European athletes are diverse because DC contexts are organised differently in different countries, encouraging researchers to be context-sensitive (Aquilina & Henry, 2010).…”

“…researchers and practitioners with common grounds to understand each other, communicate, and cooperate on different levels (Stambulova & Ryba, 2014). There are also a number of national and continental discourses (e.g., dual career discourse in Europe) rallying stakeholders based on shared sociocultural contexts and challenges (Stambulova & Wylleman, 2019). Keeping these multiple changes in mind, the ISSP has initiated a comprehensive update of the Position Stand on career development and transitions in order to: (1) update the decade-long evolution and describe the current structure of the ACD, (2) introduce recent trends in career development and transition research, (3) discuss emerging trends in career assistance, and (4) summarise in a set of postulates the current status and future challenges of the ACD.…”

Swedish university student-athletes’ dual career scenarios and competences

“…in Psychology of Sport and Exercise Special Issue on athletes' DC development and transitions (Stambulova & Wylleman, 2015) and the recent review paper (Stambulova & Wylleman, 2019). Current research into athletes' DCs shows that a DC engagement carries benefits, but also challenges and potential costs (see EU guidelines, 2012, for a review), and that one key aspect might be to optimise student-athletes' competences so that they can successfully manage their challenges (e.g.…”

A Systematic Literature Review on the Academic and Athletic Identities of Student-Athletes

“…This review seeks to build upon recent dual career reviews (e.g., Guidotti, Cortis, & Capranica, 2015;Stambulova & Wylleman, 2019) by expanding the scope of research beyond a European context and to focus exclusively on the academic and athletic identity development of student-athletes. Specifically, this systematic literature review aims to: (a) identify the available empirical literature simultaneously investigating both academic and athletic identities of student-athletes; (b) identify and interpret relevant themes within this literature; and (c) determine potential directions for future research.…”