Psychology: An elementary text-book.

Ebbinghaus, Hermann; Meyer, Max F.

doi:10.1037/13638-000

Cited by 75 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…One might ask: What of the observation by Ebbinghaus (1908) and others that a faint stimulus (e.g., the ticking of a watch) is not detected unless one is attending to the stimulus? There are several examples in the literature where a stimulus would have been detectable in terms of luminance energy, yet because the observer was not attending, it was undetected (e.g., Mack, 2003;Mack & Rock, 1998;Rensink, O'Regan, & Clark, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involuntary attention and brightness contrast

Prinzmetal

Long

Leonhardt

2008

Perception & Psychophysics

108

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Carrasco, Ling, and Read (2004) reported that involuntary attention increased perceived contrast. We replicated Carrasco et al. and then tested an alternative hypothesis: With stimuli near threshold, a peripheral cue biased observers to believe a stimulus had been presented in the cued location. Consistent with this hypothesis, the effect disappeared when we used higher-contrast stimuli. We further tested the guessing-bias hypothesis in three ways: (1) In a detection experiment, the cue affected bias, but did not increase d ; (2) when the cue followed the stimulus, we obtained the same results as when the cue preceded the stimulus; (3) in one experiment, some trials contained no stimulus, yet observers responded that the cued blank stimulus had higher contrast than the uncued blank stimulus. The results suggest that the effects of a noninformative peripheral cue are best described in terms of nonperceptual biases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involuntary attention and brightness contrast

Prinzmetal

Long

Leonhardt

2008

Perception & Psychophysics

108

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“…Predictable or repetitive stimuli also tend to fade from consciousness (Titchener, 1908;Wundt, 1973); Ebbinghaus (1973) also noted the role of practice in reducing the consciousness of complex sensory and motoric activities. The more practiced, and therefore the more habitual, an action, the less conscious effort it takes to perform it.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuropsychology of Attention

Cohen

1993

Critical Issues in Neuropsychology

210

118

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A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher An unfortunate case of "hemispatial" inattention. ("M Babinet prevenu par sa portiere de Ia visite de Ia comete." From Le Charivari, 1858, by Honore Daumier. Babcock Bequest; Courtesy of Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts.) PrefaceAt the beginning of this project, I was struck by several paradoxes regarding the study of attentional phenomena within neuropsychology. On one hand, the concept of attention has been central to the historical development of psychology. Attention was considered a fundamental and inescapable aspect of human experience by Wilhelm Wundt, William James, and the other founders of modern psychology. On the other hand, for much of the 20th century, psychologists tried desperately to avoid acknowledging the need for an attentional construct. Because attention has an intangible quality and cannot be specified as a unitary process, many behavioral scientists considered the construct of attention theoretically incoherent. Some of their concerns regarding the nature of attentional phenomena were clearly justified. It is also apparent, however, that explanations of behavior and cognition that fail to account for attentional phenomena cannot fully capture human experience.Recently, there has been a shift in zeitgeist, and attention has received more favorable treatment within the cognitive neurosciences. Humans cannot handle an infinite amount of simultaneous information. Therefore, cognitive processes must exist that direct our focus to information that is important, and that permit the selection of stimuli and responses from the large universe of alternatives. Regardless of whether one advocates the existence of a discrete attentional process, it is necessary to account for the occurrence of those phenomena that we normally label as aspects of attention. Consideration of the mechanisms underlying the selection of information and the control of stimulus and response processes is critical if we hope to understand human cognitive experience.The necessity of studying the mechanisms underlying attentional phenomena is particularly evident within neuropsychology. Patients with brain disorders frequently do not perform at optimal levels, even when task variables are held constant. They may fail to detect an object in the environment, even though it can be demonstrated that they have adequate perceptual capability. Reference to performance deficits stemming from attentional dysfunction is common in cl...

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“…( 1988). Ebbinghaus (1908) famously wrote that psychology was a discipline with Ba long past but a short history^(p. 3) and both of these authors are concerned with how the history of psychology should relate to that past.…”

Section: Psychology's Short History and Long Pastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presentism and Diversity in the History of Psychology

Brock¹

2015

Psychol Stud

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Providing an entry on the history of psychology for the online encyclopaedia, Wikipedia has proved to be more problematic than one might expect. In particular, someone who goes under the internet name, 'Jagged_85' inserted claims to the effect that most of the major developments in the history of psychology have their origins in the medieval Arab world. Similar claims and at least one attempt to challenge those claims have appeared in the professional literature. A special issue of the online newsletter, Advances in the History of Psychology devoted to this topic has also appeared under the title, BPresentism in the Service of Diversity?T he term, Bpresentism^has several meanings but it usually refers to projecting the views of the present onto the past instead of making a serious attempt to understand how historical figures themselves understood the world. The present paper endorses the view that the claims of authors like 'Jagged_85' constitute presentism in the usual sense of the term. It also offers suggestions for how diversity without this type of presentism might be achieved.

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Psychology: An elementary text-book.

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Involuntary attention and brightness contrast

Involuntary attention and brightness contrast

The Neuropsychology of Attention

Presentism and Diversity in the History of Psychology

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