Psychologie et milieu. Éthique et histoire des sciences chez Georges Canguilhem

Braunstein, Jean-François

doi:10.3917/puf.braun.2007.01.0063

Cited by 7 publications

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“…Rationality, notwithstanding its claim to universality, adopts historically determined forms. 4) Fourthly, and finally, the history of science is always linked to political goals, broadly construed, either in Comte, where going through the whole history of the sciences only aims at the establishment of sociology, the science that would enable the reorganization of society, or in Canguilhem, with the demonstration that the deterministic conception of the "milieu" is not scientifically valid, which he already judged to be unfair in his early polemical writings against Taine et Barrès, as he would also argue in his later paper "Le vivant et son milieu" (Braunstein 2007). But it is also true of Foucault.…”

Section: Four Features Of French Epistemologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Labeling, Branding or Reality?

Braunstein

2022

Transversal

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The article discusses the creation of the expression and idea of historical epistemology. It problematized the context of the rise of what would be historical epistemology and who would have been the pioneer author in the introduction of the expression, traditionally considered as resulting from Dominique Lecourt’s book, L’Épistémologie historique de Gaston Bachelard (1969). The possible options for affiliating the idea of historical epistemology are explored, and the pertinence of attributing the invention of the neologism to Lecourt or lesser-known names is reassessed. Finally, the French philosopher and historian of science Abel Rey is proposed as a precursor to the use of the expression and the idea of historical epistemology. In his doctoral thesis, Rey explored this expression when reflecting on the history and philosophy of science. In effect, pioneeringly, Rey presented a proposal for historical epistemology almost seventy years before what is conventionally accepted as the beginning of this approach.

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Section: Four Features Of French Epistemologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Labeling, Branding or Reality?

Braunstein

2022

Transversal

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“…While specific attention has already been dedicated to Canguilhem and biology (Gayon, 1998;Braunstein, 2007;Morange, 2000Morange, , 2008Schmidgen, 2014;Loison, 2018;Méthot, 2020), an extended examination of his views on sexuality in the context of his philosophy of norms is lacking. Addressing this gap in the literature constitutes one key contribution of this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Georges Canguilhem on sex determination and the normativity of life

Diez

Vagelli

2022

HPLS

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Our goal in this paper is to reassess the relationship between norms and life by drawing on the philosophy of Georges Canguilhem, particularly some of his unpublished lectures about teratology and sexual determination. First, we discuss the difficulties Canguilhem identified in the introduction of life and sexuality as objects of philosophical reflection. Second, we reassess Canguilhem's understanding of normativity as rooted in life and the axiological activity of the living. Third, we analyze how Canguilhem drew from past and contemporary teratology to conceive of the notions of anomaly and abnormality. Finally, we reconstruct Canguilhem's analysis of a case of hermaphroditism, highlighting how he presented it as evidence that sexual determination is the result of a normative choice. One of the key contributions of the paper to scholarly literature on Canguilhem is a better understanding of his notion of choice, which was considered not the conscious and intentional act of a subject but rather an axiological activity of the living. We conclude by positioning Canguilhem's concept of normativity and his belief that norms are produced by the living in relation to the naturalist/normativist divide in medicine.

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“…On this point, and for an illuminating discussion of Canguilhem's critique of psychology and its conception of the environment, see(Braunstein, 2007).9 For another critical reaction to Taine within historical epistemology of which Canguilhem was probably aware, see(Metzger, 1987(Metzger, [1930). I discuss her take on Taine in particular and on determinism in general in(Chimisso, 2019, pp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Individuals and their Environments in Georges Canguilhem’s Philosophy of Medicine

Chimisso

2024

Revue Internationale De Philosophie

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Georges Canguilhem s’est opposé à la médecine positiviste qui cherche à établir la normalité une fois pour toutes. Il a en revanche mis au centre de la médecine les individus, avec leurs variations et leurs subjectivités. D’un côté, il s’est concentré sur l’individu dans sa globalité, par opposition à ses organes et tissus ; d’un autre côté, il a soutenu qu’un individu n’est normal que par rapport à un milieu donné. Dans cet article, je soutiens que la conception de Canguilhem du normal comme relatif à un individu et à son milieu est toujours d’une grande actualité. En même temps, je soutiens qu’il a négligé de développer certaines questions soulevées par sa propre philosophie. Notamment, il n’a pas pleinement analysé comment les individus en viennent à juger de leur propre normalité ni les conséquences sociales de leurs jugements. De même, il n’a pas considéré que tous les individus et groupes n’ont pas le même pouvoir de façonner leur milieu et le milieu des autres. L’approche holistique de Canguilhem à l’égard des êtres humains et de leur milieu fait que la question des jugements des individus sur leur propre normalité est plus complexe qu’il ne l’a reconnu.

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Psychologie et milieu. Éthique et histoire des sciences chez Georges Canguilhem

Cited by 7 publications

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Labeling, Branding or Reality?

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Georges Canguilhem on sex determination and the normativity of life

Individuals and their Environments in Georges Canguilhem’s Philosophy of Medicine

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