Psychological stress reduces the immunological benefits of breast milk

Moirasgenti, Maria; Doulougeri, Karolina; Panagopoulou, Efharis; Theodoridis, Theodoros

doi:10.1002/smi.2903

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The most abundant antibody found in human milk is secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA), which plays a major role in mucosal immunity as a first line of defense against many pathogens (Schlaudecker et al, 2013). IgA levels vary between women and are influenced by multiple factors, including lactation stage, gestational age at delivery, and maternal factors, including stress, food intake, and exercise (Moirasgenti et al, 2019;Saso & Kampmann, 2020;Urwin et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Specific Antibodies in Human Milk Following Vaccination

et al. 2021

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Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are being administered around the world; however, lactating women were excluded from SARS-CoV-2 vaccine trials. Therefore, knowledge about the effect of vaccination in this specific group is limited. This information is essential to empower lactating women to make a well-informed decision on their choice for vaccination. After natural infection, SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies are present in human milk, which might offer protection for her newborn. The dynamics of these antibodies in human milk following vaccination remain to be elucidated. Research Aim To determine the effect of vaccination with BNT162b2 on the levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA in human milk. Methods In this prospective longitudinal study, we included lactating women who received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Human milk samples were collected prior to vaccination and 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 days after both vaccine doses. Samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Results In total, 366 human milk samples from 26 lactating women were analyzed. A biphasic response was observed, with SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) starting to increase between day 5 and 7 after the first dose of the vaccine. After the second dose, an accelerated IgA antibody response was observed. Conclusion After vaccination with the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine, a SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody response was observed in human milk. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA after vaccination is important as antibodies are transferred via human milk, and thereby might provide protection to infants against COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Specific Antibodies in Human Milk Following Vaccination

et al. 2021

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“…Higher SIgA is associated with mental state [30]. Positive correlation between psychological stress and cortisol levels and negative association between psychological stress and SIgA levels [31]. Oshima et al reported acute physiological training stress was observed an increase in plasma resting cortisol concentration [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Changes in Psychological Anxiety and Physiological Stress Hormones in Korea National Shooters

Park

Lim

Lee³

2020

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Background: Psychological and physiological management is closely related to the athlete's performance, especially the shooting competition. Thus, we aimed to investigate the changes of psychological anxiety and physiological stress hormones immediately before the shooting competition in Korea National shooters. Methods: Seventy-two Korea National Shooting athletes (Rifle = 62, Pistol = 8, Shotgun = 2) were recruited for the present study. The physiological stress hormones state was assessed based on saliva cortisol level, salivary immunoglobulin A level. The psychological stress state was assessed based on beck anxiety inventory questionnaire. Results: Significant higher cortisol concentration (p<.05) and cortisol secretion rate (p<.05) were in severe anxiety group. No significant SIgA concentration and SIgA secretion rate in among the groups. A positive correlation was found between BAI score and cortisol concentration (p<.05). Conclusions: This study indicates that changes of psychological anxiety and physiological stress hormones immediately before the shooting competition in Korea National shooters. Therefore, these finding provide preliminary evidence indicating that the psychological anxiety affective physiological stress, therefore negative effect on athletes' performance. Thus, research is needed to build a strategy to reduce physiological stress.

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“…Higher SIgA is associated with mental state [31]. There is a positive correlation between psychological stress and cortisol levels and a negative association between psychological stress and SIgA levels [32]. Oshima et al reported that acute physiological training stress resulted in an increase in resting plasma cortisol concentration [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Psychological Anxiety and Physiological Stress Hormones in Korea National Shooters

Park

Lim

et al. 2020

Brain Sciences

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Psychological anxiety and physiological stress hormone management is closely related to an athlete’s performance, especially in shooting competitions. Thus, we aimed to investigate the changes in saliva stress hormones according to anxiety scores of Korean elite shooters immediately before a shooting competition. Seventy-two Korean national shooting athletes (Rifle = 62, Pistol = 8, Shotgun = 2) were recruited for the present study. The physiological stress hormones were assessed based on cortisol and immunoglobulin A level in saliva. The psychological stress was assessed based on Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaire. Cortisol concentration and cortisol secretion rate were significant higher in severe anxiety group. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentration and SIgA secretion rate did not significant different in among the groups. A positive correlation was found between BAI score and cortisol concentration. These findings provide preliminary evidence indicating that psychological anxiety affects physiological stress and therefore may have a negative effect on athletes’ performance. Thus, research is needed to develop a strategy to reduce physiological stress in these athletes.

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Psychological stress reduces the immunological benefits of breast milk

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

The Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Specific Antibodies in Human Milk Following Vaccination

The Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Specific Antibodies in Human Milk Following Vaccination

Changes in Psychological Anxiety and Physiological Stress Hormones in Korea National Shooters

Changes in Psychological Anxiety and Physiological Stress Hormones in Korea National Shooters

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