Psychological measurement in Brazil in the 1920s and 1930s.

Jacó-Vilela, Ana Maria

doi:10.1037/a0035333

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In Brazil, the early French and American versions of the intelligence test were introduced and adapted by Ulisses Pernambucano, Isaías Alves, Lourenço Filho, and the Russian pedagogue Helena Antipoff, who worked with Claparède, in connection with the establishment of psychological and pedagogical laboratories in the 1920s. The scholars' concern with the professionalization of psychology, the mental hygiene movement, and the psychological studies of Brazilian races fostered their interest in testing the population (Jacó, 2014;Vieira & Campos, 2011). With regard to the use of the test in the field of justice, Silvana Vetö (2019) documented the systematic administration of adapted versions of the Binet-Simon intelligence test to youngsters at Santiago de Chile's Juvenile Court in the 1930s and early 1940s.…”

Section: Views From Beyond: Historians On Intelligence Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biographies of a Scientific Subject: The Intelligence Test

Mülberger¹

2020

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology

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The intelligence test consists of a series of exercises designed to measure intelligence. Intelligence is generally understood as mental capacity that enables a person to learn at school or, more generally, to reason, to solve problems, and to adapt to new (challenging) situations. There are many types of intelligence tests depending on the kind of person (age, profession, culture, etc.) and the way intelligence is understood. Some tests are general, others are focused on evaluating language skills, others on memory, on abstract and logical thinking, or on abilities in a wide variety of areas, such as, for example, recognizing and matching implicit visual patterns. Scores may be presented as an IQ (intelligence quotient), as a mental age, or simply as a point on a scale. Intelligence tests are instrumental in ordering, ranking, and comparing individuals and groups. The testing of intelligence started in the 19th century and became a common practice in schools and universities, psychotechnical institutions, courts, asylums, and private companies on an international level during the 20th century. It is generally assumed that the first test was designed by the French scholars A. Binet and T. Simon in 1905, but the historical link between testing and experimenting points to previous tests, such as the word association test. Testing was practiced and understood in different ways, depending not only on the time, but also on the concrete local (cultural and institutional) conditions. For example, in the United States and Brazil, testing was immediately linked to race differences and eugenic programs, while in other places, such as Spain, it was part of an attempt to detect “feebleness” and to grade students at certain schools. Since its beginning, the intelligence test received harsh criticism and triggered massive protests. The debate went through the mass media, leading to the infamous “IQ test wars.” Thus, nowadays, psychologists are aware of the inherent danger of cultural discrimination and social marginalization, and they are more careful in the promotion of intelligence testing. In order to understand the role the intelligence test plays in today’s society, it is necessary to explore its history with the help of well-documented case studies. Such studies show how the testing practice was employed in national contexts and how it was received, used, or rejected by different social groups or professionals. Current historical research adopts a more inclusive perspective, moving away from a narrative focused on the role testing played in North-America. New work has appeared that explores how testing was taking place in different national and cultural environments, such as Russia (the former Soviet Union), India, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Argentina, Chile, and many other places.

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Section: Views From Beyond: Historians On Intelligence Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biographies of a Scientific Subject: The Intelligence Test

Mülberger¹

2020

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology

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“…He lived in Brazil until his death. He had great influence among the professionals who were starting their careers in Brazil, as well as on the legislation concerning the profession of psychologist and psychology courses (Jacó-Vilela, 2014). and an extensive collection of his documents.…”

Section: Main Current Research Groups and Academic Positions In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The group's publications are organized mainly in books, but there are also articles (see A. C. Castro, 2014Castro, , 2015A. C.Castro, Portugal, & Jacó-Vilela, 2011;Degani-Carneiro & Jacó-Vilela, 2012;Facchinetti, 2012;Facchinetti & De Castro, 2015;Jabert & Facchinetti, 2011;Jacó-Vilela, 2014;Jacó-Vilela & Rocha, 2014;Vargas & Castro, 2015).…”

Section: Main Current Research Groups and Academic Positions In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

The future of the history of psychology in Argentina and Brazil.

Klappenbach

Jacó-Vilela²

2016

History of Psychology

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This article analyzes the development of the history of psychology in Argentina and Brazil, beginning with the emergence of the history of psychology at the beginning of the 20th century. The paper analyzes that such old historical reconstructions were written by the same authors or institutions that were introducing Psychology in the two countries. That is, the older historical productions in the field of psychology were Whig biased. An analysis of the last 30 years of history of psychology is also provided. The article describes institutional developments, including archives, journals, scientific meetings, and teaching of history of psychology in academic settings. Main groups devoted to history of psychology, both in Argentina and Brazil are described. Finally, it offers some thoughts on the future of history of psychology in the 2 countries. A comparative study between Argentina and Brazil allows to understand strengths and weakness related to institutionalization of History of Psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record

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“…Dada a centralidade que a testagem exerceu no processo de autonomização almejada para a disciplina no período, muitas pesquisas têm se voltado às obras produzidas na época, buscando caracterizar as diversas correntes de pensamento e práticas que passaram a constituir o campo da psicologia no Brasil. São exemplos dessa tendência os trabalhos sobre a obra de Lourenço Filho (MONARCHA, 2001), Medeiros e Albuquerque (GOMES, 2004;JACÓ-VILELA, 2014), Manuel Bonfim (ANTUNES, 2016), Maria Brasília Leme Lopes e Isaías Alves (JACÓ-VILELA, 2014), Mira y López (MARTINS, 2014; JACÓ-VILELA& RODRIGUES, 2014), Helena Antipoff (CAMPOS et all, 2002), Noemy Rudolfer (MORAES 2012), entre outros.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Henri Piéron, Roberto Mange E a História Da Psicotécnica No Brasil: Representações Em Disputa

Dadico

Siqueira

2021

Hist. Educ.

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Resumo Este artigo discute a gênese da psicotécnica nas décadas de 1920 a 1940, analisando, de forma comparada, três cursos de psicotécnica ministrados em São Paulo: por Roberto Mange, no Liceu de Artes e Ofícios, em 1926, e na Escola Livre de Sociologia e Política de São Paulo, em 1934; e por Henri Piéron, na Escola Normal de São Paulo, em 1926. A análise aqui envidada questiona a associação causal entre psicotécnica e taylorismo, que coloca o nome de Mange ao mesmo tempo como precursor e impulsionador das ideias de Taylor no Brasil. Além disso, ela mostra que, embora estes cursos respondam a projetos locais voltados à indústria e educação, eles expressam também a materialização de um projeto global, construído sobre ferramentas estatísticas, equipamentos padronizados e circulação internacional de textos e intelectuais, com implicações para a historiografia da psicologia no período.

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Psychological measurement in Brazil in the 1920s and 1930s.

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Biographies of a Scientific Subject: The Intelligence Test

Biographies of a Scientific Subject: The Intelligence Test

The future of the history of psychology in Argentina and Brazil.

Henri Piéron, Roberto Mange E a História Da Psicotécnica No Brasil: Representações Em Disputa

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