Psychological Correlates of Long-Term Imprisonment

Heskin, Ken; Smith, F. V.; Banister, P. A.; Bolton, Neil

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a046481

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Using cross-sectional designs, Heskin and his colleagues measured inmates performances on cognitive tests (Banister, Smith, Heskin, & Bolton, 1973), personality measures (Heskin, Smith, Banister, & Bolton, 1973), and attitudinal scales (Heskin, Bolton, Smith, & Banister, 1974). Four groups of prisoners, all sentenced to at least 10 years, were studied.…”

Section: Selection and Organization Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reexamining the cruel and unusual punishment of prison life.

Bonta

Gendreau

1990

Law and Human Behavior

163

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It has been widely assumed that prison is destructive to the psychological and emotional weB-being of those it detains. However, this assumption has rarely been critically examined. The present report evaluated the evidence pertaining to the effects of imprisonment. Studies on the effects of prison crowding, long-term imprisonment and short-term detention, solitary confinement, death row, and the health risks associated with imprisonment provide inconclusive evidence regarding the "'pains of imprisonment." Rather, the evidence points to the importance of individual differences in adapting to incarceration. As the use of incarceration is unlikely to decrease in the near future, research on its effects is urgendy needed and a situation-by-person approach may be the most fruitful research strategy.

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Section: Selection and Organization Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reexamining the cruel and unusual punishment of prison life.

Bonta

Gendreau

1990

Law and Human Behavior

163

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“…Grounds & Jamieson, 2003) and it would be expected that being incarcerated would have a negative impact on one's empathy. Unfortunately, research has not examined the potential influence of incarceration on empathy, but research into the psychological correlates of imprisonment has found that hostility and introversion increased as the time served increased (Heskin, Smith, Banister, & Bolton, 1973). It is difficult to see how the empathy of those incarcerated would not be influenced by being incarcerated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Examining the relationship between low empathy and self‐reported offending

Jolliffe

Farrington

2007

Legal Criminol Psychol

107

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Purpose. This paper reports the results of a study comparing measures of cognitive and affective empathy to self‐reported offending in a group of adolescents. Methods. Data on self‐reported offending and empathy were collected from 720 UK adolescents (376 males, 344 females) in Year 10 (mean age = 14.8) using anonymous questionnaires administered in a classroom setting. The prevalence of self‐reported offending was found to be consistent with results of a national level study that employed a similar methodology. The empathy scale, which was developed and validated using this sample, assessed levels of cognitive and affective empathy. Results. Males who had committed any offence had lower empathy (especially affective) than those who had not. Females who had committed any offence did not have low empathy compared to those who had not. Both males and females who had committed violence had lower empathy than males and females who had not. High‐rate male offenders had lower empathy (especially affective) than low‐rate male offenders, and high‐rate female offenders had lower empathy (especially affective) than low‐rate female offenders. For males (but not for females), the relationship between low affective empathy and violence was accounted for by the relationship between low affective empathy and a high rate of offending. Conclusions. More research comparing the empathy of males and females with their self‐reports of offending is needed, especially in prospective longitudinal studies, so that the time ordering of the effects can be established. Also, more research is needed to investigate whether the relationship between low empathy and self‐reported offending holds independent of other factors previously found to be associated with offending (e.g. low intelligence, low socio‐economic status).

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“…4 the pains of imprisonment. Firstly, over time, they can become more introverted as a way of coping with long-term separation from their families and friends and, with the other daily pains of imprisonment (Sapsford 1978, Heskin et al 1973. This finding has also been reinforced by more recent qualitative studies - Crewe (2009), for instance, found that those serving the longest sentences were less likely to have friendships in prisons and generally kept themselves at a distance from other people.…”

Section: Theoretical Framework: the Pains Of Long-term Imprisonment Amentioning

confidence: 98%

Time, the Pains of Imprisonment, and ‘Coping’

Котова¹

2018

Oxford Scholarship Online

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This chapter explores how a sample of women experienced, and was transformed by, a husband’s or boyfriend’s long-term imprisonment. It draws on theoretical tools provided by research on long-term imprisonment specifically, including emerging work on how long-term prisoners experience the pains of imprisonment over a long sentence. A previous chapter has suggested that some pains of imprisonment may be ‘acute’ for families outside — that is, these pains could persist throughout the sentence. This chapter explores how these acute pains are experienced over a long sentence by partners. As it has already been shown that sociological work on imprisonment provides excellent theoretical tools for examining the experiences of families, research on long-term imprisonment specifically was chosen as it, too, can help one to understand the experiences of partners outside.

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Psychological Correlates of Long-Term Imprisonment

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Reexamining the cruel and unusual punishment of prison life.

Reexamining the cruel and unusual punishment of prison life.

Examining the relationship between low empathy and self‐reported offending

Time, the Pains of Imprisonment, and ‘Coping’

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