Psychological asymmetry in minority–majority relations at different stages of ethnic conflict

Bilali, Rezarta; Çelik, Ayşe Betül; Ok, Ekin

doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2014.09.002

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Kurdish people, although forming the numerical majority of the population in the Southeast of Turkey (currently around 18% of the total population; Konda, 2011), were not allowed to use their native language for years (G€ und€ uz-Hoşg€ or & Smits, 2002;Icduygu, Romano, & Sirkeci, 1999) and have been often considered a minority group that should be assimilated into the mainstream society forming a part of the Turkish national group (Bikmen & Sunar, 2013). Along with the socio-political aspect of the conflict, at the intergroup level, Turkish and Kurdish group members in Turkey hold negative intergroup attitudes and low levels of trust toward each other, display negative outgroup stereotypes, and blame the outgroup for the conflict (Bilali, Çelik, & Ok, 2014;Çelebi, Verkuyten, K€ ose, & Maliepaard, 2014;Seta/Pollmark, 2009).…”

Section: Turkish-kurdish Intergroup Setting In Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Imagined contact in high conflict settings: The role of ethnic group identification and the perspective of minority group members

Bağcı

Piyale

Ebcim

2017

J Applied Social Pyschol

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Recent contact literature has shown that imagining a positive intergroup encounter improves intergroup attitudes and behaviors, yet less is known about the effects of imagined contact in high conflict settings. We conducted three studies to understand the potential effects of imagined intergroup contact among ethnic Turks (majority status) and ethnic Kurds (minority status) in the Turkish-Kurdish interethnic conflict setting. Study 1 (N 5 47, Turkish) tested standard imagined contact effects (neutral vs. standard imagined contact condition) among majority Turks and showed that imagined contact was effective on outgroup attitudes, perceived threat, intergroup anxiety, and support for multiculturalism only among participants with higher ethnic identification.Study 2 (N 5 107, Turkish) examined how ethnic identification of the contact partner would influence the effectiveness of the standard imagined contact scenario (neutral vs. standard vs. ethnic identification condition) and demonstrated that imagined contact effects were more negative when the contact partner identified with his/her ethnic group during imagined contact. Study 3 (N 5 55, Kurdish) investigated imagined contact effects (neutral vs. standard imagined contact condition) among an ethnic minority group and showed that imagined contact did not improve minority group members' outgroup attitudes, but did decrease intergroup anxiety and perceived discrimination (marginally significantly) and increased perceived positive attitudes from the majority group. Practical implications of the use of imagined intergroup contact strategy in conflictridden settings were discussed.

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Section: Turkish-kurdish Intergroup Setting In Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Imagined contact in high conflict settings: The role of ethnic group identification and the perspective of minority group members

Bağcı

Piyale

Ebcim

2017

J Applied Social Pyschol

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“…Similarly, conflict researchers assumed that intergroup conflict and competitiveness are more effective on majority status group members’ attitudes, since privileged groups would perceive higher distress and fear of losing their powerful position in the society compared to disadvantaged groups (Esses, Dovidio, Jackson, & Armstrong, ). A recent study conducted in Turkey has also shown that Turkish and Kurdish groups in Turkey were differentially affected by the intensity of conflict (Bilali, Çelik, & Ok, ). The authors found that the Kurdish minority group displayed higher levels of social distance, but lower levels of support for nationalism and outgroup negativity when the intensity of conflict between the two groups increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐group friendships and outgroup attitudes among Turkish–Kurdish ethnic groups: does perceived interethnic conflict moderate the friendship‐attitude link?

Bağcı

Çelebi

2016

J Applied Social Pyschol

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We investigated associations between cross‐group friendships, perceived interethnic conflict, and outgroup attitudes in the context of intractable Turkish–Kurdish conflict in Turkey. Measures of cross‐group friendship quantity, perceived conflict, outgroup attitudes, multiculturalism, and outgroup responsibility for conflict were completed by Turkish (N = 320) and Kurdish (N = 153) participants (Mage = 21, 156 males, 317 females). Both cross‐group friendships and perceived conflict were related to outcome variables. While cross‐group friendships were beneficial for both groups’ outgroup attitudes when perceived conflict was lower; when perceived conflict level was higher, positive associations between friendships and attitudes became non‐significant for the Turkish group and negative for the Kurdish group. Implications of the findings for the intergroup contact theory have been discussed.

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“…However, especially since 2005, social tension between these groups in western cities has risen, quickly escalating into street fights and lynching. Recent studies also show that Kurds and Turks have strong, mutual negative images of each other, albeit different in nature (Bilali et al., ).…”

Section: Intergroup Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered Aspects of Conflict, Displacement and Peace Process in Turkey

Çelik

2017

International Migration

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The peace process in Turkey, since its inception, has not paid any attention to internal displacement or its gendered aspects. This study analyses how displaced women remember the gendered aspects of displacement and perceive reconciliation and peace. The analysis, based on interviews with 42 internally displaced women, shows that changing domestic and international contexts have substantive impact on how displaced women remember their stories and the meaning they attach to their ethnic identities. Consequently, it suggests that if the peace process is re-initiated, leaders need to take into consideration that each component of reconciliation (justice, peace, trust towards the state, intergroup relations and truth-telling) has different difficulties to be overcome when the gendered aspect of displacement is taken into account and consider return not only as a realistic demand but also as a political wish.

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Psychological asymmetry in minority–majority relations at different stages of ethnic conflict

Cited by 40 publications

References 49 publications

Imagined contact in high conflict settings: The role of ethnic group identification and the perspective of minority group members

Imagined contact in high conflict settings: The role of ethnic group identification and the perspective of minority group members

Cross‐group friendships and outgroup attitudes among Turkish–Kurdish ethnic groups: does perceived interethnic conflict moderate the friendship‐attitude link?

Gendered Aspects of Conflict, Displacement and Peace Process in Turkey

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