Psycholinguistic variables influencing word retrieval in Persian speaking people with aphasia

Bemani, Zahra; Moayedfar, Saeideh; Ghasisin, Leila

doi:10.1080/02687038.2021.1907292

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…These findings confirm the stability of lexical frequency as a robust predictor for word recognition and retrieval throughout the lifespan, including advanced aging. As mentioned in the Introduction, the lexical frequency effect is explained by the differing levels of semantic representation and familiarity presented by words, which impact the speed and accuracy of the processing [ 18 , 26 ]. Moreover, our data show that the difference in RT between low- and high-frequency words increases exponentially with aging in all experiments (see Table 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, several studies on lexical access have shown that some lexical variables play a facilitating or inhibiting role in the recognition and/or retrieval processes [ 25 ]. For example, high-frequency words, compared to low-frequency words, reduce the RT and increase the accuracy in lexical access tasks, since they have greater semantic representation and familiarity [ 26 ]. They also form more interconnected networks between sub-lexical units, thereby having a greater potential to be recognized, which facilitates their activation and subsequent selection [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lexical Access Restrictions after the Age of 80

Rojas,

Riffo,

San Martín

et al. 2023

Brain Sciences

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Background: During the fourth age (80+ years), cognitive difficulties increase. Although language seems to resist the advancement of age, an older person without pathological developments in cognition may exhibit deficits in lexical access. This study examines the restrictions on lexical access in people aged 80 and older in word recognition and retrieval modalities through four lexical tasks. Method: The effect of aging on response time and accuracy was measured using recognition (lexical decision/naming/priming) and retrieval (picture naming) tasks. A fourth age group (>80) and two third age groups (60–69/70–79) were compared according to lexical access modality and type of task employed through linear regression models. Results: People aged 80 and older exhibit a strong lexical access constraint, as they are slower and less accurate in recognizing and retrieving words than both third age groups. These restrictions are more profound for the word retrieval modality, especially in the picture naming task. Conclusion: Impaired fluid intelligence and internode transmission deficits during advanced aging could further reduce the ability to recognize and/or retrieve words, having an impact on access speed and accuracy. Furthermore, the idea that crystallized intelligence could strengthen the accuracy of lexical access during aging is supported, specifically in word recognition modality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lexical Access Restrictions after the Age of 80

Rojas,

Riffo,

San Martín

et al. 2023

Brain Sciences

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“…Pictures are a valuable tool in cognitive science and kindred disciplines. They are employed both in experimental research to understand the nuances of various cognitive processes (e.g., language, attention, memory; for review, see Souza et al, 2020) and in various clinical populations (for instance, in dementia: e.g., Cuetos et al, 2005Cuetos et al, , 2012Moayedfar et al, 2021;Silagi et al, 2015;and in aphasia: e.g., Alyahya et al, 2020;Bemani et al, 2022;Bose & Schafer, 2017;Brysbaert & Ellis, 2016;Cuetos et al, 2002;Nickels, 1995;Nickels & Howard, 1995). For all such purposes, pictures need to be carefully developed and evaluated in terms of various (psycholinguistic) attributes that are known to influence their processing across tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naming in a multilingual context: Norms for the ICMR-Manipal colour picture corpus in Kannada from the Indian context

Shenoy,

Nickels,

Krishnan

2024

Behav Res

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There have been many published picture corpora. However, more than half of the world’s population speaks more than one language and, as language and culture are intertwined, some of the items from a picture corpus designed for a given language in a particular culture may not fit another culture (with the same or different language). There is also an awareness that language research can gain from the study of bi-/multilingual individuals who are immersed in multilingual contexts that foster inter-language interactions. Consequently, we developed a relatively large corpus of pictures (663 nouns, 96 verbs) and collected normative data from multilingual speakers of Kannada (a southern Indian language) on two picture-related measures (name agreement, image agreement) and three word-related measures (familiarity, subjective frequency, age of acquisition), and report objective visual complexity and syllable count of the words. Naming labels were classified into words from the target language (i.e., Kannada), cognates (borrowed from/shared with another language), translation equivalents, and elaborations. The picture corpus had > 85% mean concept agreement with multiple acceptable names (1–7 naming labels) for each concept. The mean percentage name agreement for the modal name was > 70%, with H-statistics of 0.89 for nouns and 0.52 for verbs. We also analyse the variability of responses highlighting the influence of bi-/multilingualism on (picture) naming. The picture corpus is freely accessible to researchers and clinicians. It may be used for future standardization with other languages of similar cultural contexts, and relevant items can be used in languages from different cultures, following suitable standardization.

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“…Word properties (or psycholinguistic variables) are characteristics of words that can be extracted using corpora (e.g., frequency ratings as found in collections of books, subtitles, and spoken language), running questionnaires to healthy individuals (e.g., how familiar they are with the word; how concrete is the word; when they think they learned the word), and by measuring physical characteristics of the words (e.g., number of graphemes or phonemes). The study of word properties of language tasks is relevant because it may indicate impairments at specific language levels (e.g., Whitworth et al, 2014 ; Rofes et al, 2019 ; Alyahya et al, 2020 ; Bemani et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the comparison between animal and unconstrained fluency, we expect no differences; (c) total number of correct words in animal fluency and unconstrained fluency to be better explained by word properties that are typically related to lexical-semantic processes (i.e., age of acquisition, concreteness, familiarity, frequency, imageability, arousal, valence). Also, we expect variables that are typically related to the (phonological/orthographic) output lexica and buffer to explain the total number of words in letter fluency (i.e., age of acquisition, frequency, length in graphemes, and orthographic/phonologic neighborhood) (e.g., Whitworth et al, 2014 ; Rofes et al, 2019 ; Alyahya et al, 2020 ; Bemani et al, 2021 ). We expect cluster size and number of switches to be relevant to explain fluency tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Drives Task Performance in Fluency Tasks in People With HIV?

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Fluency tasks require language (i.e., semantics, phonological output lexicon, and phonological assembly) and executive functions (i.e., inhibition; mental set shifting; updating, and monitoring). Little is known about whether people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more impaired on a specific type of fluency task and what aspects of language and executive functions drive such performance.Aims: To understand (1) whether people with HIV are more impaired in animal, letter, or unconstrained fluency relative to a normative sample; (2) whether there exist differences between tasks relative to the total number of words; and (3) which aspects of executive function and language are involved in their performance.Methods: Data from animal, letter, and unconstrained fluency of 50 Spanish-speaking people with HIV were analyzed. The number of switches and mean cluster size for each task and 10 word properties (e.g., frequency, age of acquisition, length in graphemes) for each of the correct words were measured. A chi-square test was used to address Aim 1, linear mixed effects models for Aim 2, and random forests and conditional inference trees for Aim 3. The results were cross-validated with a normative sample.Results: People with HIV were not more impaired in animal, letter, or unconstrained fluency relative to a normative sample. People with HIV produced fewer words in letter fluency compared to animal and unconstrained fluency. In addition, they produced fewer words in animal fluency compared to unconstrained fluency. Number of switches emerged as the most important variable to predict the total number of correct words when considering the three tasks together and for each task separately. Word frequency was relevant to predict animal fluency, age of acquisition to predict letter fluency, and cluster size to predict unconstrained fluency. These results were cross-validated with the exception cluster size.Conclusion: People with HIV rely on language (phonological output lexicon, not necessarily semantics) and executive functioning (updating and monitoring) to produce words in fluency tasks. These results concur with the current literature. Future work may correlate fluency scores with other tests measuring language and executive functions or study other types of fluency tasks (e.g., action, cities, supermarket, and professions).

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Psycholinguistic variables influencing word retrieval in Persian speaking people with aphasia

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

Lexical Access Restrictions after the Age of 80

Lexical Access Restrictions after the Age of 80

Naming in a multilingual context: Norms for the ICMR-Manipal colour picture corpus in Kannada from the Indian context

What Drives Task Performance in Fluency Tasks in People With HIV?

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