Psychiatric morbidity among adult patients in a semi-urban primary care setting in Malaysia

ZamZam, Ruzanna; Maniam, T.; Midin, Marhani; Omar, Khairuddin; Kaur, Pervesh

doi:10.1186/1752-4458-3-13

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Unfortunately the rate of unemployment among educated people is high in Iran, and it was shown that employment is a very important factor in reducing anxiety and depression (Table 2), Another risk factor associated with anxiety and depression was discordant marital life (separated/widowed). This nding is consistent with previous studies [20,23,24]. Loss of spouse is associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes including decreased physical well-being, increased mortality risk, and poor cognitive and functional health compared to married counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Diseases Risk factors Study (KERCADRS)

Najafipour

Shahrokhabadi

Banivaheb

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Anxiety and depression (A&D) are common mental disorders with high economical and health burdens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the incidence rate of A&D and their relationship with socio-demographic and other risk factors and co-morbidities in adults living in southeastern Iran.Method: We recruited adults (15 to 80 years) in two rounds (2009-2012, 2014-2018) of a population-based cohort study called Kerman coronary artery disease risk factors study (KERCADRS) in Kerman, Iran. The age-standardized A&D prevalence was measured among all participants (n=9996) and the five-year A&D incidence rate was measured in those who were free of A&D in the first round (n = 2813). The relationship between A&D and demographic characteristics, smoking, opium use, obesity and physical activity was assessed by logistic regression models. Results: Overall, the prevalence of anxiety (48.1% to 16.4%, P-value <0.001) and depression (5.9% to 1.3% P-value <0.001) decreased between the two rounds. The highest prevalence of anxiety was among people who were unemployed (%?), smokers (%?), and opium users (%?). Young adults, women, those divorced or widowed, and those with obesity and low physical activity had a higher chance for anxiety. The five-year incidence rate (person/1000 person-years) was 15.0 for anxiety and 3.9 for depression.Conclusion: Despite the overall decrease in the prevalence of A&D, certain groups such as young adults, women, unemployed and those who smoke cigarettes or opium, people with low physical activity and obesity are in need of more targeted interventions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Diseases Risk factors Study (KERCADRS)

Najafipour

Shahrokhabadi

Banivaheb

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another risk factor associated with anxiety and depression was discordant marital life (separated/widowed). This nding is consistent with previous studies [19,22,23]. Loss of spouse is associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes including decreased physical well-being, increased mortality risk, and poor cognitive and functional health compared to married counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Diseases Risk factors Study (KERCADRS)

Najafipour

Shahrokhabadi

Banivaheb

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Anxiety and depression (A&D) are very common disorders and among the important causes of morbidity. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the incidence rate of these mental disorders and their relationship with socio-demographic and coronary artery disease risk factors in the adult population in southeastern Iran.Method: In a population based cohort study (KERCADRS phase2), the prevalence and five-year incidence rate of A&D and associated variables were studied on 9996 adults, 2820 of whom had also participated in phase1 of the study.Results: The prevalence for A&D was 41.6% (30.6% men, 48.9% women) and 16.0% (10.0% men, 19.9% women), respectively. The prevalence of A&D showed a decreasing trend with increase of education and age. The highest prevalence of A&D was observed among the unemployed, smokers, and opium users. The chance of having A&D symptoms also significantly increased in young people, the female gender, divorced or widowed women, obese individuals, and those with low physical activity (LPA). In phase2, A&D were significantly lower than they were in phase1 in all age groups and in both genders. The five-year incidence rate (per 1000 person-years) was 30.7 for anxiety and 9.8 for depression.Conclusion: Although there are some promising signs of reduction in the prevalence of A&D symptoms in the last five years, their higher prevalence in young people and females, along with their association with unemployment, smoking, opium use, LPA and obesity means that more effective interventions and strategies are needed to reduce the deleterious consequences of these disorders.

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“…Firstly, it is surprising to note that as many as 10% of the participants reported they had never encountered people with mental illness despite being frontline staff in primary care clinics, and given that the recent 2015 Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey reported that approximately 1 in 3 Malaysians aged 16 years and above suffer from some mental health condition at some point in time [ 47 ]. Moreover, both local and international studies have demonstrated that mental health problems are common amongst primary care attendees, with 20% to 50% suffering from at least one type of mental disorder [ 78 – 81 ]. One possible explanation for this finding is a lack of awareness and knowledge about mental health conditions, which has led to poor recognition of mental health problems by primary care nurses in people with mental illness [ 9 , 82 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the effectiveness of a video-based contact intervention in improving attitudes of Penang primary care nurses towards people with mental illness

Rashid

O'Brien

2017

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundMental illness-related stigma is common, and is associated with poorer outcomes in people with mental illness. This study evaluated the attitudes of primary care nurses towards people with mental illness and its associated factors; and the effectiveness of a short video-based contact intervention (VBCI) in improving these attitudes using a Malay version of the 15-item Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Healthcare Providers (OMS-HC-15-M).MethodsA 5-minute VBCI was developed comprising elements of psychoeducation and interviews of people with mental illness and the people they interact with, relating to experience of mental illness and recovery. A pre-post cross-sectional study was conducted on 206 randomly selected primary care nurses in Penang, Malaysia. The OMS-HC-15-M questionnaire was administered before and immediately after participants viewed the VBCI. The difference in mean pre-post VBCI scores using paired t-tests, effect size and standardised response mean (SRM) were obtained. Factors correlating to attitudes were obtained using univariate and multivariate regression analyses.ResultsDifferences in pre-post VBCI score were statistically significant (p<0.001) with a 14% score reduction, a moderate effect size and SRM at 0.97 (0.85–0.11) and 1.1 (0.97–1.2) respectively. By factoring in the Minimal Detectable Change statistic of 7.76, the VBCI produced a significant improvement of attitudes in 30% of the participants. Factors associated with less stigmatising attitudes at baseline were previous psychiatry-related training, desiring psychiatric training, and positive contact with people with mental illness.ConclusionsThis is the first study in Malaysia to show that a brief VBCI is effective in improving attitudes of primary care nurses towards people with mental illness in the immediate term. Further studies are needed to determine if these results can be sustained in the longer term and generalizable to other health care professionals. Qualitative studies are warranted to provide insight to the factors correlating to these attitudes. (300 words)

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Psychiatric morbidity among adult patients in a semi-urban primary care setting in Malaysia

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Diseases Risk factors Study (KERCADRS)

Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Diseases Risk factors Study (KERCADRS)

Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Diseases Risk factors Study (KERCADRS)

Determining the effectiveness of a video-based contact intervention in improving attitudes of Penang primary care nurses towards people with mental illness

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