Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Diseases Risk factors Study (KERCADRS)

Abstract

Background: Anxiety and depression (A&D) are common mental disorders with high economical and health burdens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the incidence rate of A&D and their relationship with socio-demographic and other risk factors and co-morbidities in adults living in southeastern Iran.Method: We recruited adults (15 to 80 years) in two rounds (2009-2012, 2014-2018) of a population-based cohort study called Kerman coronary artery disease risk factors study (KERCADRS) in Kerman, Iran. The age-standardized A&D prevalence was measured among all participants (n=9996) and the five-year A&D incidence rate was measured in those who were free of A&D in the first round (n = 2813). The relationship between A&D and demographic characteristics, smoking, opium use, obesity and physical activity was assessed by logistic regression models. Results: Overall, the prevalence of anxiety (48.1% to 16.4%, P-value <0.001) and depression (5.9% to 1.3% P-value <0.001) decreased between the two rounds. The highest prevalence of anxiety was among people who were unemployed (%?), smokers (%?), and opium users (%?). Young adults, women, those divorced or widowed, and those with obesity and low physical activity had a higher chance for anxiety. The five-year incidence rate (person/1000 person-years) was 15.0 for anxiety and 3.9 for depression.Conclusion: Despite the overall decrease in the prevalence of A&D, certain groups such as young adults, women, unemployed and those who smoke cigarettes or opium, people with low physical activity and obesity are in need of more targeted interventions.

Analysis of Correlation between the Socioeconomic Environment and Level of Nutrition in the Population of Serbia: A Part of the National Survey

“…The prevalence of overweight increases with age, and it is most common in people in the age group 64-74 years, after which it starts to decrease [31,32]. Both men and women are less obese in the age group below the age of 44, which can be explained by the different lifestyles and activities people undergo when they are younger, as these lead to differences in the amount of exercise, with people having more active time, and different stress levels and stress relief methods.…”

Correlation of Opium Usage with Blood Pressure and Fasting Blood Sugar, based on Fasa PERSIAN Cohort Study Data

“…(1,2) Opioid misuse is responsible for 66 percent of all drug-related deaths. (3) In some regions such as Asia and the Middle East, there is a tradition that opium consumption has a protective effect on heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes. (4) In the past two decades, case-control and cohort studies have been done to investigate the effect of opium on increasing cardiovascular mortality.…”