Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients With Burning Mouth Syndrome

Bogetto, Filippo; Maina, Giuseppe; Ferro, G; Carbone, Mario; Gandolfo, S

doi:10.1097/00006842-199805000-00028

Cited by 118 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In any case, different studies have confirmed that BMS patients have a high prevalence of psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, irritability, and an increased desire to isolate themselves, compared with the control subjects (4,5). On the other hand, although psychological factors are present in a large proportion of all cases of BMS, a substantial percentage on individuals develop the syndrome without any psychological disorders (6). This indicates that psychological disorders are not the only or exclusive cause underlying BMS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Etiology of burning mouth syndrome: A review and update

Minguez-Sanz¹,

Salort-Llorca²,

Silvestre-Donat³

2011

Med Oral

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Introduction: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by an oral burning sensation in the absence of any organic disorders of the oral cavity. Although the cause of BMS is not known, a complex association of biological and psychological factors has been identified, suggesting the existence of a multifactorial etiology. Material and Method: A PubMed/Medline search was used to identify articles describing the different hypotheses regarding the etiology of BMS, as well as the psychological and anatomical data upon which such hypotheses are fundamented. Results: A review and update was made of the different hypotheses relating to the etiology of BMS (psychogenic factors, hormone disorders, neuropathic alterations, oral phantom pain, neuroplasticity and neuroinflammation), with a view to globally establishing possible relationships among them. Conclusions: In-depth investigation is needed to clarify the etiopathogenic mechanisms of BMS and its triggering factors, in order to develop effective and individualized management strategies that can be extended to patients in each different BMS subgroup.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Etiology of burning mouth syndrome: A review and update

Minguez-Sanz¹,

Salort-Llorca²,

Silvestre-Donat³

2011

Med Oral

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“…In this context, it has been proposed that psychiatric disorders could explain the occurrence of BMS [15,16,17,18,19,20]. Several studies have reported elevated psychiatric morbidity in BMS, mainly depression, anxiety and hypochondriasis [15,16,17,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have reported elevated psychiatric morbidity in BMS, mainly depression, anxiety and hypochondriasis [15,16,17,21]. Depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in patients with BMS [15,16,17,20]. Furthermore, personality traits such as neuroticism, extraversion, openness and conscientiousness seem to differentiate BMS patients from controls [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Openness Personality Trait with Stress-Related Salivary Biomarkers in Burning Mouth Syndrome

Souza¹,

Kümmer²,

Silva³

et al. 2014

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Background: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic disorder defined as a burning sensation in the oral mucosa without evidence of pathological findings. Its pathophysiology is largely unknown, but psychiatric disorders and personality traits have been implicated. Objective: This study investigated whether there is any association between salivary biomarkers and personality traits in BMS patients. Methods: It was a cross-sectional, controlled study that evaluated 30 individuals with BMS and 32 controls. All subjects were assessed with a structured psychiatric interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) and the Big Five inventory. Salivary levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neural growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and cortisol were determined. Results: We found that BMS patients exhibited more traits of neuroticism and lower openness than controls. Openness showed a moderate and negative correlation with cortisol, BDNF and IL-6. Conclusion: Personality traits are associated with salivary biomarkers in BMS.

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“…It often occurs more frequently in women over 60 years in the peri-or postmenopausal period; it is rarely found in men (1,2). The etiology is unknown but it's believed to be multifactorial; patients with BMS often have anxiety and clinical depression (4,5). Among the important local factors dental trauma, the presence of tartar, rough surfaces prosthesis, allergic reactions to dental materials, chemical irritants of lipsticks, toothpastes and prolonged use of mouthwashes may be included.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of alpha lipoic acid and gabapentin, its efficacy in the treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial

López-D'alessandro¹,

Escovich²

2011

Med Oral

100

180

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Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a disease that manifests as burning in the tongue or in any area of the oral mucosa, in the absence of clinically verifiable injuries. Objectives: To verify the efficacy of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and gabapentin (GABA), used individually and jointly, to reduce the burning in patients with burning mouth and establish a drug therapy for the BMS. Study Design: During April and May 2008, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in the Department of Clinical Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Rosario, Argentina. The gathering of patients was between those ones with BMS who were treated in our service between March 2003 and March 2008 without complying with the applied treatments. The 120 patients were randomly divided into 4 groups and were provided, by lot and in a blinded fashion, with four different treatment cycles consisting of the following drugs: Group A (n = 20) 600 mg / day of alpha lipoic acid for two months, Group B (n = 20) 300 mg / day of gabapentin for two months, Group C (n = 20) a combination of both drugs for two months and Group D (n = 60) 100 mg / day of cellulose starch for two months (control group). Results and Conclusions: All 120 patients completed the treatment. The best response was obtained with the combination of ALA + GABA, with a 70% of the cases with reduced burning in this group and a 13.2 times greater chance of presenting positive changes for these patients than those taking placebo. The combined use of drugs that act at different levels of the nociceptive system can be useful for the treatment of this syndrome.

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Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients With Burning Mouth Syndrome

Abstract: BMS has high psychiatric comorbidity but can occur in the absence of psychiatric diagnoses.

Cited by 118 publications

References 40 publications

Etiology of burning mouth syndrome: A review and update

Etiology of burning mouth syndrome: A review and update

The Association of Openness Personality Trait with Stress-Related Salivary Biomarkers in Burning Mouth Syndrome

Combination of alpha lipoic acid and gabapentin, its efficacy in the treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial

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