Psychiatric Comorbidity in Pathological Gamblers Seeking Treatment

Ibáñez, Ángela; Blanco, Carlos; Donahue, Elizabeth; Lesieur, Henry R.; Castro, Ignacio Pérez de; Fernández‐Piqueras, José; Sáiz-Ruiz, Jerónimo

doi:10.1176/ajp.158.10.1733

Cited by 151 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Our first finding related to demographics was that, according to other studies (Ibáñez et al, 2001; Kaare et al, 6 E. Echeburúa et al 2009), pathological gamblers had a lower educational level and a family history of alcohol abuse higher than non-gamblers. This fact may partially account for a higher gambling involvement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Pathological Gamblers and a Non-Psychiatric Control Group Taking Gender Differences into Account

et al. 2013

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The current study aimed to identify personality traits, emotional states and adjustment variables in a sample of pathological gamblers as compared to a non-gambling control group taking gender differences into account. The sample for this study consisted of 206 subjects (103 pathological gamblers and 103 non-psychiatric subjects from the general population matched for age and gender). Pathological gamblers had a lower educational level and a family history of alcohol abuse higher than non-gamblers. In turn, female gamblers were affected by unemployment and a lower socioeconomic status more often than female non-gamblers. Pathological gamblers were more anxious and impulsive and suffered from a poorer self-esteem than non-gamblers. Likewise, pathological gamblers had a greater history of other Axis I psychiatric disorders and were more often affected by anxiety and depression symptoms and showed a more problematic adjustment to everyday life than non-gamblers. Alcohol abuse was not higher in pathological gamblers than in non-gamblers, but, when gender was taken into account, male gamblers were more affected by alcohol abuse than male non-gamblers. Importantly 68.6% of female gamblers versus 9.8% of control group women reported being victims of intimate partner violence. These findings can be used to specifically inform prevention and intervention efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Pathological Gamblers and a Non-Psychiatric Control Group Taking Gender Differences into Account

et al. 2013

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“…In this context, it also should be noted that as gambling becomes more pathological, comorbidity issues arise. That is, pathological gambling is typically associated with financial problems as well as with other psychiatric disorders (e.g., Ibáñez et al, 2001 ). This comorbidity raises questions as to the extent to which observed differences in temporal discounting rate are attributable to pathological gambling per se or to other associated problems.…”

Section: Applications To Group Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Discounting Framework for Choice With Delayed and Probabilistic Rewards.

Green¹,

Myerson²

2004

Psychological Bulletin

1,431

1,337

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When choosing between delayed or uncertain outcomes, individuals discount the value of such outcomes on the basis of the expected time to or the likelihood of their occurrence. In an integrative review of the expanding experimental literature on discounting, the authors show that although the same form of hyperbola-like function describes discounting of both delayed and probabilistic outcomes, a variety of recent findings are inconsistent with a single-process account. The authors also review studies that compare discounting in different populations and discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the findings. The present effort illustrates the value of studying choice involving both delayed and probabilistic outcomes within a general discounting framework that uses similar experimental procedures and a common analytical approach.Choice is relatively predictable when the alternatives differ on only one dimension. For example, if individuals are offered a choice between two rewards that differ only in amount, they generally choose the larger rather than the smaller reward. Similarly, if offered a choice between two rewards that differ only in delay, individuals tend to choose the reward available sooner rather than the one available later, and if offered a choice between two alternatives that differ only in probability, they tend to choose the more certain reward. These same general principles, and a complementary set of principles for negative outcomes (e.g., smaller punishments will be chosen over larger ones), apply both to humans and other animals. These behavioral tendencies obviously make both economic and evolutionary sense.Problems arise, however, when choice options differ on more than one dimension-for example, when an individual must choose between a smaller reward available sooner and a larger reward available later. It is also unclear, in general, which alternative an individual would (or should) select when choosing between a smaller, more certain reward and a larger, less certain one or between a less certain reward available sooner and a more certain, but more delayed, reward. These problems are only compounded when rewards differ on all three dimensions (i.e., amount, delay, and probability). The central issue is how individuals make trade-offs among their preferences on these dimensions (Keeney & Raiffa, 1993).This issue is not only of theoretical interest; it also has implications for everyday decision making, which often involves outcomes that differ on multiple dimensions. Examples of such decisions include deciding whether to purchase a less expensive item that can be enjoyed now or to save for a more expensive one; whether to choose a risky investment that potentially could pay off at a high rate or one that pays a low but guaranteed rate of return; and whether to buy

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“…De otra parte, es consistente el hallazgo de asociación de las dimensiones de riesgo del suicidio con el riesgo de ser jugador patológico; este resultado es similar al de otros estudios, en donde la ideación y los intentos suicidas han sido identificados como asociados a los jugadores patológicos (Arbinaga, 2000;George y Murali, 2005;Ibáñez, Blanco, Donahue, Lesieur, Pérez de Castro, Fernández-Piqueras, et al 2001). Similar situación se encuentra con el consumo de alcohol como factor asociado a esta patología; ser consumidor de alcohol y de alcohol hasta la embriaguez se reporta en este estudio como riesgo, con uno de los valores de asociación más altos (RD: 3,1).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Hoy se entiende y acepta al juego patológico como una enfermedad que debe ser tratada (Echeburúa, 2005;Ibáñez, Blanco, Donahue, Lesieur, Pérez de Castro, Fernández-Piqueras, et al 2001) y la discusión ha evolucionado a cuál debe ser su ubicación categorial, si como trastorno del control de los impulsos o como adicción comportamental (APA, 2000;APA: DSM5, 2010); su interacción con otros problemas mentales y del comportamiento en los jóvenes, aunque de poca atención para la literatura psiquiátrica, merece mayor prioridad por el impacto que puede tener para el desarrollo de los adolescentes y de la estructura social y familiar en la que se desenvuelven (Bahamón, 2006;George y Murali, 2005;Kaminer y Petry, 1999;Korn y Shaffer, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Riesgo de Juego Patológico. Factores y trastornos mentales asociados en jóvenes de Medellín - Colombia

Zapata

Montoya

2011

Adicciones

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Aims:To study the risk of pathological gambling and its possible relation with mental disorders and school and family problems in a population of school pupils from the city of Medellin (Colombia), with a view to providing guidance for mental health care. Method: Cross-sectional study; sample comprises 3486 students aged 10 to 19 years selected from all the educational institutions in the city. The sample is probabilistic and represents an estimated population of 290,000 young people from Medellin. The SOGS instrument (South Oaks Gambling Screening) was used for screening risk and likelihood of problem gambling. The analytic stage assessed possible associated factors such as mental disorders, alcohol use and drug use, with statistical significance levels of 5% and prevalence rates with 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 48.6% were without problems, 37.6% were at risk and 13.8% were possible pathological gamblers. Males were more at risk than females (2.5:1), and the highest proportion of possible pathological gamblers was in the 10-14 age group (58.7%), vs. the 15-19 group (41.3%). Pathological gambling in young people is associated in this study with: anxiety OR=2.1(1.69-2.60), depression OR=1.73(1.33-2.24), suicide attempt OR=1.85(1.20-2.85), impulsivity OR=3.48(2.85-4.26), violent behavior OR=4.64(3.57-5.58), and problems at school OR=2.46(1.97-3.06); recent use of cigarettes, drunkenness and illegal drugs (use/addiction) were identified as associated risk factors, p value: <0.05 Conclusions: Pathological gambling risk is high in this young population, and is associated with mental disorders, use of psychoactive substances, and school and family problems. This situation suggests the need for largescale and comprehensive preventive and therapeutic intervention measures for addressing the problem.

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Psychiatric Comorbidity in Pathological Gamblers Seeking Treatment

Abstract: Psychiatric comorbidity is common among pathological gamblers and is associated with greater severity of clinical problems. The DRD(2) gene could be a liability genetic factor for psychiatric comorbidity in pathological gambling.

Cited by 151 publications

References 8 publications

Pathological Gamblers and a Non-Psychiatric Control Group Taking Gender Differences into Account

Pathological Gamblers and a Non-Psychiatric Control Group Taking Gender Differences into Account

A Discounting Framework for Choice With Delayed and Probabilistic Rewards.

Riesgo de Juego Patológico. Factores y trastornos mentales asociados en jóvenes de Medellín - Colombia

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