Psychiatric Comorbidity, Family Dysfunction, and Social Impairment in Referred Youth With Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Abstract

These results support the validity of the oppositional defiant disorder diagnosis as a meaningful clinical entity independent of conduct disorder and highlight the extremely detrimental effects of oppositional defiant disorder on multiple domains of functioning in children and adolescents.

Parsing the familiality of oppositional defiant disorder from that of conduct disorder: A familial risk analysis

“…These family aggregation results extend previous phenomenological and follow-up findings that support the hypothesis that ODD is a heterogeneous disorder separate from CD (Biederman et al, 1996b;Greene et al, 2002). Taken together, these findings should discourage the practice of lumping together ODD and CD in clinical and research studies of disruptive behavior disorders.…”

Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine as add-on to psychoeducation in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

“…The existing data concerning the impact of comorbid ODD on treatment outcome in ADHD are somewhat contradictory. Generally, ODD has been associated with a greater number of ADHD symptoms, increased ADHD severity, and a poorer prognosis [35,36]. However, a similar treatment response of pediatric patients with and without comorbid ODD has also been reported, although comorbid patients needed higher atomoxetine doses (1.8 mg/kg day) [37].…”

Co-transmission of conduct problems with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: familial evidence for a distinct disorder

“…Different hypotheses could account for the co-occurrence of ADHD and ODD=CD (see Table 1: evidence for each proposal is discussed in Schachar and Tannock 1995;Greene et al 2002). However, diagnostic interviews (PACS) were not available for all siblings.…”

“…ODD cases differ from those with comorbid CD in their social impairment and the prevalence of mood disorders (Greene et al 2002). CD usually develops later than ODD, and is characterized by antisocial behaviors covering the symptoms of four domains (e.g., theft, lying, truancy, threatening and aggressive behavior towards people and animals, fire setting, and destruction of property (Nock et al 2006)).…”