Psychiatric Admissions for Alcoholism, Neuroses and Schizophrenia in Rural and Urban Ireland

Abstract

A comparison of psychiatric admissions (1978-1980), from two Irish representative rural and urban communities, indicated no significant intercommunity difference in incidence rates for alcoholism and schizophrenia but significantly higher urban first admissions for neuroses. Total admissions data indicated significantly higher urban readmission rates for alcoholism and neuroses. In contrast to earlier research, readmission rates for schizophrenia were equivalent in the rural and urban community. Several methodological issues were examined to clarify this divergent finding. A demographic comparison indicated rural schizophrenics were admitted at a later age and were more frequently readmitted. The implications of these findings and directions for future research on hospital utilization were discussed.

Urban–rural differences in the associations between social deprivation and psychiatric service utilization in schizophrenia and all diagnoses: a case-register study in Northern Italy

“…Secondly, we sought to study whether these associations apply equally to urban and rural areas. Previous work has proved equivocal and suggests that while rates of treated mental disorder may be higher in urban than rural areas (Hughes, 1973;Eaton, 1974;Goodman et al 1983;Cagle & Banks, 1986;Keatinge, 1989), the total prevalence rates may be little different for most psychiatric disorders (Dohrenwend, 1975;Krupinski, 1979;Mueller, 1981;Blazer et al 1985;Romans-Clarkson et al 1990).…”

The incidence of psychotic disorders in the Republic of Ireland: a systematic review

“…After removing duplicate records, our initial search identified 1,975 citations (Fig. 1) of which 21 met our inclusion criteria (Scully et al, 2002;Nkire et al, 2021;O'Donoghue et al, 2016;Keatinge 1986;Baldwin et al, 2005;Morgan et al, 2001;Omer et al, 2012;Keatinge 1987;Daly et al, 1995;Baldwin et al, 2002;Waddington et al, 2004;Kingston et al, 2011;Baldwin et al, 2003;Owoeye et al, 2013;Lyne et al, 2014;Keatinge 1988;Ninuallain et al, 1987;Kelly et al, 2010;Jablensky et al, 1992;Omer et al, 2014). Via author contacting, we identified a further two citations which met inclusion criteria (O'Donoghue et al, 2021;Fayyaz et al, 2021).…”

“…Six citations provided incidence data from studies partially set in Dublin (O'Donoghue et al, 2021;O'Donoghue et al, 2016;Daly et al, 1995;Lyne et al, 2014;Kelly et al, 2010;Jablensky et al, 1992), including the World Health Organization [WHO] Ten-country study (Jablensky et al, 1992) and three citations from the DETECT EIP service (O'Donoghue et al, 2021;O'Donoghue et al, 2016;Lyne et al, 2014). Other locations included Clare and Wexford (O'Donoghue et al, 2016;Keatinge 1986;Keatinge 1987;Lyne et al, 2014), Waterford (Keatinge 1988) andCarlow, Westmeath andRoscommon (Ninuallain et al, 1987), as part of the 'The Three-County Study'.…”

“…We identified 16 citations (Fayyaz et al, 2021;Scully et al, 2002 , 2001;Keatinge 1987;Baldwin et al, 2002;Kingston et al, 2011;Baldwin et al, 2003;Owoeye et al, 2013;Lyne et al, 2014;Keatinge 1988l;Ninuallain et al, 1987;Jablensky et al, 1992), including seven principal citations (Fayyaz et al, 2021;Nkire et al, 2021;Keatinge 1986;Lyne et al, 2014;Keatinge 1988;Ninuallain et al, 1987;Jablensky et al, 1992) on the overall incidence of schizophrenia. We rated study quality as high (Fayyaz et al, 2021;Nkire et al, 2021;Jablensky et al, 1992) or medium (Keatinge 1986;Lyne et al, 2014;Keatinge 1988;Ninuallain et al, 1987). These seven citations provided nine overall incidence rates of schizophrenia (with data from the Monaghan and Waterford (Keatinge 1988), and Clare and Wexford (Keatinge 1986) citations disaggregated by county).…”

Anthropological perspectives on the trajectory from institutionalisation to community care in Irish psychiatry

“…The precise relevance of rural dwelling was further explored in the 1980s when a study of admissions in one rural and one urban area (between 1978 and 1980) showed that readmission rates for schizophrenia were equivalent in urban and rural areas, but that people with schizophrenia in rural areas were admitted at a later age (Keatinge, 1988). Furthermore, while incidence rates did not differ between rural counties, treated prevalence and readmission rates did, indicating that social and community variables significantly influenced psychiatric hospital utilisation (Keatinge, 1987a(Keatinge, , 1987b.…”