Psy-Flex: A contextually sensitive measure of psychological flexibility

Gloster, Andrew T.; Block, Victoria J.; Villanueva, Jeanette; Rinner, Marcia T. B.; Benoy, Charles; Walter, Marc; Karekla, Maria; Bader, Klaus

doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.09.001

Cited by 71 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…First configural invariance was tested (equivalence of factor structure), followed by metric invariance (equivalence of factor loadings), and scalar invariance (equivalence of factor loadings and intercepts). Following prior research (Chen, 2007 ; Gloster et al, 2021 ; Putnick & Bornstein, 2016 ), a difference in CFI value of ≤0.02 and a non-significant χ 2 value ( p > .05) demonstrated invariance for the more constrained model. However, concerns have been raised about the Chi-square difference test being too strict in favouring less constrained models (van de Schoot et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 58%

DSM-5-TR prolonged grief disorder and DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder are related, yet distinct: confirmatory factor analyses in traumatically bereaved people

Lenferink

Munckhof

Keijser

et al. 2021

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is newly included in the text revision of the DSM-5 (DSM-5-TR). So far, it is unknown if DSM-5-TR PGD is distinguishable from bereavement-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Prior research examining the distinctiveness of PTSD and pathological grief focused on non-traumatic loss samples, used outdated conceptualizations of grief disorders, and has provided mixed results. Objective In a large sample of traumatically bereaved people, we first evaluated the factor structure of PTSD and PGD separately and then evaluated the factor structure when combining PTSD and PGD symptoms to examine the distinctiveness between the two syndromes. Methods Self-reported data were used from 468 people bereaved due to the MH17 plane disaster ( N = 200) or a traffic accident ( N = 268). The 10 DSM-5-TR PGD symptoms were assessed with the Traumatic Grief Inventory-Self Report Plus (TGI-SR+). The 20-item Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) was used to tap PTSD symptoms. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Results For PTSD, a seven factor, so-called ‘Hybrid’ model yielded the best fit. For PGD, a univariate factor model fits the data well. A combined model with PGD items loading on one factor and PTSD items on seven factors (associations between PGD and PTSD subscales r ≥ .50 and ≤.71), plus a higher-order factor (i.e. PTSD factors on a higher-order PTSD factor) (association between higher-order PTSD factor and PGD factor r = .82) exhibited a better fit than a model with all PGD and PTSD symptom loading on a single factor or two factors (i.e. one for PGD and one for PTSD). Conclusions This is the first study examining the factor structure of DSM-5-TR PGD and DSM-5 PTSD in people confronted with a traumatic loss. The findings provide support that PGD constitutes a syndrome distinguishable from, yet related with, PTSD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 58%

DSM-5-TR prolonged grief disorder and DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder are related, yet distinct: confirmatory factor analyses in traumatically bereaved people

Lenferink

Munckhof

Keijser

et al. 2021

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Six questionnaires were used in this study, with four administered across both timepoints, i.e., the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21, [56]); Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS, [57]); Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ, [58]); and the Effects of COVID-19 Questionnaire (ECQ, [9]). Two questionnaires were included at the follow-up assessment-The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Questionnaire [28] and the PsyFlex [59].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each item is rated on a 5-point scale from 1 (very often) to 5 (very seldom), producing a possible range of scores from 6 to 30, where higher scores indicate higher psychological flexibility. The PsyFlex has a one-factor structure with excellent reliability (Raykov's r = 0.91), as well as evidence of convergent, divergent, and incremental validity [51,59]. Cronbach's alpha for the current study was observed at 0.87 for the total cohort (n = 231); 0.85 for the No ACE cohort (n = 75); and 0.88 for the cohort with self-reported ACE (n = 156).…”

Section: Psychological Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Flexibility Mediates Wellbeing for People with Adverse Childhood Experiences during COVID-19

Browne

Stafford

Berry

et al. 2022

JCM

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Background: The psychological impact of COVID-19 is multifaceted, both acute and chronic, and has not affected everyone equally. Method: This longitudinal study compared those with and without Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on measures of psychological distress and wellbeing over time. Results: All groups (No ACE, Low ACE, and High ACE) had similar levels of distress at Time 1, with significant increases in psychological distress for those with ACEs over time, but not for those without. Psychological Flexibility was strongly and significantly associated with decreases in psychological distress and improved wellbeing. It significantly mediated the relationship between ACE and wellbeing. Conclusions: Those with ACEs report significantly increased psychological distress over time, compared to those without ACE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence-based interventions using Psychological Flexibility may improve mental health and wellbeing to help further mediate its effects.

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“…Psy-Flex is a 6-item instrument that measures psychological flexibility, a construct referring to a range of intra-and interindividual skills that allow an open and presently aware mindset as well as the clarification and pursuit of deeply held, personal values (Gloster et al, 2021). Items were rated on a 5-point Likert scale related to the frequency of occurrence (1 = "very seldom" to 5 = "very often").…”

Section: Psychological Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

To Help or Not to Help? Prosocial Behavior, Its Association With Well-Being, and Predictors of Prosocial Behavior During the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic fundamentally disrupted humans’ social life and behavior. Public health measures may have inadvertently impacted how people care for each other. This study investigated prosocial behavior, its association well-being, and predictors of prosocial behavior during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and sought to understand whether region-specific differences exist. Participants (N = 9,496) from eight regions clustering multiple countries around the world responded to a cross-sectional online-survey investigating the psychological consequences of the first upsurge of lockdowns in spring 2020. Prosocial behavior was reported to occur frequently. Multiple regression analyses showed that prosocial behavior was associated with better well-being consistently across regions. With regard to predictors of prosocial behavior, high levels of perceived social support were most strongly associated with prosocial behavior, followed by high levels of perceived stress, positive affect and psychological flexibility. Sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors of prosocial behavior were similar across regions.

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Psy-Flex: A contextually sensitive measure of psychological flexibility

Cited by 71 publications

References 46 publications

DSM-5-TR prolonged grief disorder and DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder are related, yet distinct: confirmatory factor analyses in traumatically bereaved people

DSM-5-TR prolonged grief disorder and DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder are related, yet distinct: confirmatory factor analyses in traumatically bereaved people

Psychological Flexibility Mediates Wellbeing for People with Adverse Childhood Experiences during COVID-19

To Help or Not to Help? Prosocial Behavior, Its Association With Well-Being, and Predictors of Prosocial Behavior During the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic

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