Pseudomonas indica-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles: Antifungal and Antioxidant Biogenic Tool for Suppressing Mucormycosis Fungi

Abstract

Mucormycosis is considered one of the most dangerous invasive fungal diseases. In this study, a facile, green and eco-friendly method was used to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Pseudomonas indica S. Azhar, to combat fungi causing mucormycosis. The biosynthesis of AgNPs was validated by a progressive shift in the color of P. indica filtrate from colorless to brown, as well as the identification of a distinctive absorption peak at 420 nm using UV-vis spectroscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated the existence of bioactive chemicals that are responsible for AgNP production. AgNPs with particle sizes ranging from 2.4 to 53.5 nm were discovered using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Pattern peaks corresponding to the 111, 200, 220, 311, and 222 planes, which corresponded to face-centered cubic forms of metallic silver, were also discovered using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, antifungal activity measurements of biosynthesized AgNPs against Rhizopus Microsporus, Mucor racemosus, and Syncephalastrum racemosum were carried out. Results of antifungal activity analysis revealed that the biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited outstanding antifungal activity against all tested fungi at a concentration of 400 µg/mL, where minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 50, 50, and 100 µg/mL toward R. microsporus, S. racemosum, and M. racemosus respectively. In addition, the biosynthesized AgNPs revealed antioxidant activity, where IC50 was 31 µg/mL when compared to ascorbic acid (0.79 µg/mL). Furthermore, the biosynthesized AgNPs showed no cytotoxicity on the Vero normal cell line. In conclusion, the biosynthesized AgNPs in this study can be used as effective antifungals with safe use, particularly for fungi causing mucormycosis.

Potential of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles to control Fusarium wilt disease in eggplant (Solanum melongena) and promote plant growth

“…The efficacy of ZnO-NPs as antifungal and anti-mycotoxin against Fusarium sp may be due to upraised the lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and changing in the ergosterol content that altered the membrane integrity and morphology of macro conidia (Ramachandrappa et al 2019 ). Nanotechnology has the potential to develop all areas of science to achieve their highest levels because of their clear and distinct effects that provide the scientific community with many developments that have an applied impact in the medical, agricultural, and many other fields (Hassan et al 2019 ; Eid et al 2020 ; Fouda et al 2020 ; Salem et al 2020 ; Hashem et al 2021a , b ; Hashem and Salem 2022 ; Salem et al 2022 ; Sharaf et al 2022 ). Fungi are one of the most important group of microbes, as they are used in many applications such as bio-processing, removal of bio-inks & dyes, enzyme production, lipid production, food products, and nanotechnology (Fouda et al 2019 ; Hashem et al 2019 ; Salem et al 2019 ; Hasanin et al 2020 ; Hashem et al 2020a , b ; Hashem et al 2020a , b ; Shaheen et al 2021a , b ).…”

Biological Synthesis of Monodisperse Uniform-Size Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) by Fungal Cell-Free Extracts at Elevated Temperature and pH

“…Our findings could be explained by the fact that basic pH benefits the reduction of Ag+ ions to produce AgNPs by providing electrons for the reaction. As a result, more hydroxide (OH-) anions are available to participate in the reduction reaction, increasing the reduction strength [ 23 , 33 ].…”

“…AgNP research has grown rapidly over the years due to the optical, antimicrobial and anticancer properties of AgNPs, which make them extremely useful in the biomedicine and biotechnology field [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 23 , 24 ]. For example, the inhibitory growth effects of AgNPs have been reported against bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Synthesis of Chitosan-Based Gold Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial and Wound-Healing Activities

“…Nanotechnology has received much attention in different biological applications [ 13 ]. Nanoparticles have been successfully used to reduce bacterial and fungal infections in medicine, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture fields [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Nanomaterials such as gold, silver, copper, selenium, titanium, zinc oxide, and magnesium oxide have antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”