Pseudo-Kaposi sarcoma induced by minor trauma in a patient with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome

Abstract

Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are vascular anomalies containing a communication between an artery and a vein without an intervening capillary bed. In 1990, Klippel and Trenaunay reported a patient with limb overgrowth, cutaneous angiomata and varicose veins. In 1918, Parkes Weber mentioned the additional feature of AVM terming the condition 'hemangiectatic hypertrophy'. Most authors now consider both the Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome and the syndrome of multiple congenital arteriovenous fistulae to be two forms of Parkes Weber's hemangiectatic hypertrophy. Clinical and histological 'Kaposi sarcoma'-like lesions in the Klippel-Trenauny-Weber syndrome are well documented. We report an additional case appearing after minor trauma.

Promontory Sign in a Reactive Benign Vascular Proliferation

“…7 And they added:''furthermore, authentic Kaposi's sarcoma usually spares the papillary dermis in its early stages of evolution.'' 7 They also claimed that ''although more controversial, there are also reports claiming minor traumas as a cause of pseudo-Kaposi sarcoma'', 7 and they refer to a report by Del-Rio et al 21 In Del-Río report, the promontory sign is not described and it is not evident in the only photomicrograph shown.…”

Pseudo-Kaposi’s sarcoma because of suction-socket lower limb prosthesis

“…Although the etiology remains still uncertain, other authors proposed that proliferation of fibroblasts and small vessels may be secondary to high perfusion rate in tissues. 12 Additionally, prostaglandin E1 or a heparin-like factor, which has angiotensin promoting activity, has been suggested as responsible for the lesion development. 8 A possible role of microtrauma has also been postulated by Pfleger and others.…”

Pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma (Bluefarb-Stewart type)

“…Routine laboratory investigations did not reveal any abnormalities. 3 Pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma has also occasionally been reported at the site of arterio-venous fistula for hemodialysis, 4 in paralyzed extremities 5 , in patients with Klipple-Trenaunay syndrome 6 and in the distal part of an amputation stump. Tests for Australia antigen, HIV infection, antinuclear antibodies and RA factor were negative.…”