PSA, PSA derivatives, proPSA and prostate health index in the diagnosis of prostate cancer

Ayyıldız, Sema Nur; Ayyıldız, Ali

doi:10.5152/tud.2014.94547

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…To circumvent some of the issues encountered with %fPSA, studies have investigated the use of molecular forms of PSA in diagnostic assays, including intact PSA (iPSA) and [2]proPSA [ 107 ]. The Prostate Health Index (PHI) assay, the 4-kallikrein panel (4Kscore) and the Stockholm-3 (STHLM3) model are each multiplex tests that incorporate various molecular forms of PSA.…”

Section: Techniques To Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy Of Pcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue- and Liquid-Based Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Precision Medicine

Meehan

Gray

Martínez-Pérez

et al. 2021

JPM

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Worldwide, prostate cancer (PC) is the second-most-frequently diagnosed male cancer and the fifth-most-common cause of all cancer-related deaths. Suspicion of PC in a patient is largely based upon clinical signs and the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Although PSA levels have been criticised for a lack of specificity, leading to PC over-diagnosis, it is still the most commonly used biomarker in PC management. Unfortunately, PC is extremely heterogeneous, and it can be difficult to stratify patients whose tumours are unlikely to progress from those that are aggressive and require treatment intensification. Although PC-specific biomarker research has previously focused on disease diagnosis, there is an unmet clinical need for novel prognostic, predictive and treatment response biomarkers that can be used to provide a precision medicine approach to PC management. In particular, the identification of biomarkers at the time of screening/diagnosis that can provide an indication of disease aggressiveness is perhaps the greatest current unmet clinical need in PC management. Largely through advances in genomic and proteomic techniques, exciting pre-clinical and clinical research is continuing to identify potential tissue, blood and urine-based PC-specific biomarkers that may in the future supplement or replace current standard practices. In this review, we describe how PC-specific biomarker research is progressing, including the evolution of PSA-based tests and those novel assays that have gained clinical approval. We also describe alternative diagnostic biomarkers to PSA, in addition to biomarkers that can predict PC aggressiveness and biomarkers that can predict response to certain therapies. We believe that novel biomarker research has the potential to make significant improvements to the clinical management of this disease in the near future.

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Section: Techniques To Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy Of Pcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue- and Liquid-Based Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Precision Medicine

Meehan

Gray

Martínez-Pérez

et al. 2021

JPM

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“…The so-called ‘prostate healthy index’ (PHI) reflects the ratio between total PSA, free PSA and pro PSA levels and prostate health index density (PHID) combines PHI parameters with prostate volume. These markers are clear improvement over PSA since they allow a better distinction between benign and malignant prostate gland hypertrophy and improve the prediction of high-grade and clinically aggressive prostatic tumours, especially in cases where PSA levels are in the grey zone [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Blood-based Liquid Biopsy Marker Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-Derived Biomarkers of Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy Response in Prostate Cancer Patients

Balázs¹,

Antal²,

Sáfrány³

et al. 2021

JPM

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Prostate cancer is among the most frequent cancers in men worldwide. Despite the fact that multiple therapeutic alternatives are available for its treatment, it is often discovered in an advanced stage as a metastatic disease. Prostate cancer screening is based on physical examination of prostate size and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood as well as biopsy in suspect cases. However, these markers often fail to correctly identify the presence of cancer, or their positivity might lead to overdiagnosis and consequent overtreatment of an otherwise silent non-progressing disease. Moreover, these markers have very limited if any predictive value regarding therapy response or individual risk for therapy-related toxicities. Therefore, novel, optimally liquid biopsy-based (blood-derived) markers or marker panels are needed, which have better prognostic and predictive value than the ones currently used in the everyday routine. In this review the role of circulating tumour cells, extracellular vesicles and their microRNA content, as well as cellular and soluble immunological and inflammation- related blood markers for prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of therapy response is discussed. A special emphasis is placed on markers predicting response to radiotherapy and radiotherapy-related late side effects.

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“…ProPSA is a precursor of PSA that contains 244 amino acids released from peripheral malignant tissue rather than the hyperplastic areas developed in the transitional zone [ 49 ]. ProPSA has many subfractions, for example, [−2]Ppsa—described by Mikolajczyk et al, which was first found in prostate cancer tissue and has the most stable form in serum [ 50 ].…”

Section: Psa and Psa Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role and Significance of Bioumoral Markers in Prostate Cancer

Constantin

Savu²,

Bucur

et al. 2021

Cancers

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The prostate is one of the most clinically accessible internal organs of the genitourinary tract in men. For decades, the only method of screening for prostate cancer (PCa) has been digital rectal examination of 1990s significantly increased the incidence and prevalence of PCa and consequently the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. In addition, the different types of oncology treatment methods have been linked to specific complications and side effects, which would affect the patient’s quality of life. In the first two decades of the 21st century, over-detection and over-treatment of PCa patients has generated enormous costs for health systems, especially in Europe and the United States. The Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is still the most common and accessible screening blood test for PCa, but with low sensibility and specificity at lower values (<10 ng/mL). Therefore, in order to avoid unnecessary biopsies, several screening tests (blood, urine, or genetic) have been developed. This review analyzes the most used bioumoral markers for PCa screening and also those that could predict the evolution of metastases of patients diagnosed with PCa.

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PSA, PSA derivatives, proPSA and prostate health index in the diagnosis of prostate cancer

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

Tissue- and Liquid-Based Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Precision Medicine

Tissue- and Liquid-Based Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Precision Medicine

Blood-Derived Biomarkers of Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy Response in Prostate Cancer Patients

The Role and Significance of Bioumoral Markers in Prostate Cancer

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