Prussian Blue Nanoparticles Stabilize SOD1 from Ubiquitination‐Proteasome Degradation to Rescue Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Abstract

Discography often destroys the hypoxic environment in the intervertebral disc and accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Therefore, it often fails to meet the requirements for application in clinical practice. This technology mainly increases the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the IVD. As so, it is particularly critical to develop strategies to avoid this degeneration mechanism. Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) are found to enhance development under magnetic resonance T1 and have antioxidant enzyme activity. The key results of the present study confirm that PBNPs alleviate intracellular oxidative stress and increase the intracellular activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). PBNPs can rescue nucleus pulposus cell degeneration by increasing oxidoreductase system-related mRNA and proteins, especially by stabilizing SOD1 from ubiquitination-proteasome degradation, thus improving the mitochondrial structure to increase antioxidation ability, and finally rescuing ROS-induced IVDD in a rat model. Therefore, it is considered that PBNPs can be a potential antioxidation-protective discography contrast agent.

Dual-dynamic-bond cross-linked injectable hydrogel of multifunction for intervertebral disc degeneration therapy

“…Zhou et al . also treated IVDD from the perspective of antioxidation [ 67 ], however, pure liquid injection lacks mechanical properties, which is indispensable for loading bearing tissues. Gullbrand et al .…”

“…Gan et al come up with an interpenetrating network-strengthened hydrogel for NP regeneration with toughness and cytocompatibility [66], while they did not pay attention to the importance of antimicrobial effect for minimally invasive injection. Zhou et al also treated IVDD from the perspective of antioxidation [67], however, pure liquid injection lacks mechanical properties, which is indispensable for loading bearing tissues. Gullbrand et al developed tissue-engineered, endplate-modified disc-like angle ply structures (eDAPS) for disc replacement [68].…”

Repair Strategies and Bioactive Functional Materials for Intervertebral Disc

“…Therefore, PBNPs may become a promising discography contrast agent with antioxidative activity for IVD treatment (Figure 11j,k). [128] A type of hollow manganese dioxide (HMnO 2 ) NP, which has a spherical morphology and can release loaded TGF-β3 molecules in acidic and oxidative stress environments, was recently evaluated. It was demonstrated that H-MnO2 can be used to develop intelligent biodegradable nanoplatforms to modulate the degenerative microenvironment, which could achieve longterm therapeutic effects on degenerative discs (Figure 11l,m).…”

Elastic Fibers in the Intervertebral Disc: From Form to Function and toward Regeneration

“…Regeneration of IVD requires deep knowledge about mechanisms of IVD degeneration and is a challenge at the intersection of IVD biology, biomaterials, and biomechanics which would benefit from having a reproducible and adaptable 3D scaffold able to recapitulate the relevant complexity of the IVD [ 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 ]. The available IVD scaffolds are standard in vitro cultures in 2D and 3D, ex vivo systems employing human or animal IVDs and bioreactors [ 125 , 126 ].…”