Prussian Blue Derived Nanoporous Iron Oxides as Anticancer Drug Carriers for Magnetic‐Guided Chemotherapy

Abstract

New nanoporous iron oxide nanoparticles with superparamagnetic behavior were successfully synthesized from Prussian blue (PB) nanocubes through a thermal conversion method and applied to the intracellular drug-delivery systems (DDS) of bladder cancer cells (i.e., T24) with controlled release and magnetic guiding properties. The results of the MTT assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy indicate that the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were successfully uptaken by T24 cells with excellent biocompatibility. An anticancer drug, that is, cisplatin, was used as a model drug, and its loading/release behavior was investigated. The intracellular drug delivery efficiency was greatly enhanced for the cisplatin-loaded, PB-derived, magnetic-guided drug-delivery system compared with the non-drug case. The synthesized nanomaterials show great potential as drug vehicles with high biocompatibility, controlled release, and magnetic targeting features for future intracellular DDS.

Investigation of Cation Distribution and Microstructure of Nano Ferrites Prepared by Different Wet Methods

“…The synthesis of magnetic nano-particles has been an interesting area of study due to its spread applications [1][2][3][4][5]. Special focus has been placed on obtaining ferrite as a particulate environment through unconventional methods, especially wet chemical methods [6,7].…”

Drug Delivery of Cisplatin to Breast Cancer by Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles

“…Also, cellular uptake of the particles along with biocompatibility was confirmed by MTT assay and Confocal laser scanning microscopy. 19 In another study, Vergaro et al prepared nanoparticles containing Cisplatin from calcium carbonate (CaCO3). 20 Results of the study showed the best loading efficiency when the particles were prepared via layer by layer self-assembled polyelectrolyte nanocapsules.…”

“…[18][19][20] Torad et al prepared nanoporous carbon particles containing Cisplatin with the size of approximately 50 nm from carbonization of metalorganic frameworks. The particles showed proper biocompatibility, and as a result they could be considered for intracellular drug delivery.…”

“…18 Nanoporous superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles containing Cisplatin were prepared elsewhere. 19 The particles were synthesized successfully from Prussian blue nanocubes by a thermal conversion technique, and they were used for intracellular drug delivery of bladder cancer cells T24. They showed the controlled release and magnetic guiding properties.…”

Methotrexate-coupled nanoparticles and magnetic nanochemothermia for the relapse-free treatment of T24 bladder tumors

“…17 To further amplify the effect of magnetic heating alone, a combinatory treatment of the target tissue by an additional coupling of drugs (eg, chemotherapeutics) to the MNPs is possible. 18 In this regard, the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate (MTX), an antifolate which interferes with the cellular nucleotide metabolism and DNA synthesis, was shown to be coupled stably to MNPs (MTX/MNPs) and exhibited a comparable toxicity to free MTX. 19,20 This combinatory "nanochemothermal" approach is thought to allow a more efficient treatment of tumors, as the MNPs, and therefore the MTX, will remain in the tumor region over several days, allowing a repeated thermal, and a constant chemotherapeutic treatment, which is localized to the tumor region.…”