Prussian blue‐based inorganic flexible electrochromism glucose sensor

Abstract

Flexible inorganic Prussian blue (PB) containing electrode hcas been synthesised using a simple electrodeposition technique for dual functions in electronics (electrochromism) and biology (glucose sensing) applications. Structural and spectroscopic characterisations of the fabricated film have been done using electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Flexible inorganic electrochromic device is one of its kind having promising features with colour contrast (50%), coloration efficiency (80 cm 2 /C) and robust stability for more than 400 s. The prototype device contains only PB electrode as active electrochromic material with gel electrolyte in a pre-designed device geometry that exhibits two primary colours, blue and green, with little amount of bias switching. Reversible redox processes have been found to be responsible for the electrochromism in PB containing flexible device. The same has been experimentally verified using spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques during device's operation. Its additional use for glucose sensing purpose can be exploited for wearable electronics application. It is a first fully developed inorganic flexible device with superior electrochromic performance. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Low voltage colour modulation in hydrothermally grown Ni‐Co nanoneedles for electrochromic application

“…A simple and very efficient bottom up approach, named as the hydrothermal method [13,32], due to its ease as compared to other techniques like etching, spray pyrolysis and so forth [33][34][35][36], has been used for preparing the nanostructured film consisting of Ni and Co backbone. The raw precursor of Ni (NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O and Co(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O bought from Sigma Aldrich (>99% purity) and mixed in 1:2 M ratio in a 30 ml aqueous medium.…”

“…In general, inorganic electrochromic active species are known for their poor EC performances in terms of large switching time and weak stability [14]. Different approaches have been incorporated to resolve such bottlenecks in the inorganic family by modifying the electrochromic device (ECD) with the formation of nano morphology-based EC active material, double layer ECD, hybrid ECD and so forth [4,14,31]. Therefore, every study for fabricating the EC active electrode should be in favour of modifying such EC parameters.…”

Effect of some physical perturbations and their interplay on Raman spectral line shapes in silicon: A brief review

“…In the current era of nanoscience and nanotechnology, low-dimensional materials, especially semiconductors, have attracted much attention because of their technologically important tunable electronic [5,6] and opto-electronic properties, delivering promising potentials in many fields such as energy storage, [7][8][9][10][11] conversion, [12] and sensors, [13][14][15][16][17] in comparison with their bulk counterparts and have gained enormous attention from researchers. In particular, silicon (Si) nanostructures (NSs), including porous Si, [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Si nanowires (SiNWs), and fractal porous SiNWs, are of special interest as they exhibit superior opto-electronic properties with improved device performance, such as narrower spectral line width, low threshold current densities, [26] and reduced temperature sensitivity.…”

Preparation of a PB@SiO2 Photonic Crystal Composite with Enhanced Electrochromic Performance

“…17 Kumar et al synthesized a flexible inorganic PB-containing electrode using a simple electrodeposition technique for dual functions in electronics and biology applications, which has promising features for wearable electronics application. 18 However, as an inorganic ECM, PB still has defects, that is, monotonous color, low contrast, and slow response time, among others. Many methods have been used to overcome these shortcomings, such as compositing with conducting polymers 19 and carbon nanomaterials, 14,20−22 including carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon dots.…”

“…Xiong et al fabricated PB nanocube films directly on seed-free substrates using a facile hydrothermal approach, which presents a well-ordered structure with better EC performance . Kumar et al synthesized a flexible inorganic PB-containing electrode using a simple electrodeposition technique for dual functions in electronics and biology applications, which has promising features for wearable electronics application . However, as an inorganic ECM, PB still has defects, that is, monotonous color, low contrast, and slow response time, among others.…”