Prussian blue analogs cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries

Chrysanthemum-like Polyaniline-Anchored PANI0.22·V2O5·0.88H2O-Hybridized Cathode for High-Stable Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

“…Conversely, the V 3+ vanishes, and the V 4+ is reoxidized to V 5+ in the fully charged state, similar to that of the pristine state, again confirming that the Zn 2+ (de)intercalation is reversible. 15,35,54 The peak intensity and location of the N 1s spectrum (Figure S12a) upon charge and discharge are almost unaltered, which suggests that the intercalated PANI in the interlayer can exist stably during the cycling. C 1s XPS analysis (Figure S12c) demonstrates that there are mainly three carbon-containing species, that is, the C−N group in polyaniline, which is detected at 285.9 eV.…”

“…Up to date, a variety of cathode materials, mainly Mn-based oxides, − V-based oxides, , Prussian blue analogues, and organic materials, , have been investigated to promote Zn 2+ storage capability, in which V-based oxide materials are an ideal candidate for aqueous ZIBs due to their high theoretical specific capacity, attributed to the multielectron redox reactions, and the regulable transfer channels for Zn 2+ insertion/extraction. , Nonetheless, the poor intrinsic electronic conductivity, narrow interlayer spacing, and slight dissolution of vanadium in acidic/neutral electrolytes result in a compromise of the sluggish Zn 2+ diffusion kinetics and structural degradation of the V-based oxide cathodes. To tackle these problems, a series of guest ions/molecules preintercalated in V-based oxide materials are proposed to stabilize their crystal frameworks and enlarge the interlayer spacing for facile Zn 2+ diffusion.…”

Morphology modulation and electrochemical performance properties of Mn-decorated (NH4)2V10O25·8H2O as a cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

“…Hence, the key to improving the electrochemical performance of aqueous ZIBs is developing cathode materials with large capacity, high potential, and stable crystal structure, along with fast diffusion channels. As indispensable materials, manganese-based compounds, 13,14 vanadium-based materials, 15,16 Prussian blue and its analogs, 17,18 and organic redox-active compounds 19,20 have been studied as the cathodes of ZIBs. Among these cathode materials, vanadium-based materials represent the most promising cathode materials and have thus been extensively studied in LIBs and sodium-ion batteries due to the multiple oxidation states of vanadium (V 2+ , V 3+ , V 4+ , V 5+ ), excellent performance, good cyclability (>300 mA h g −1 , >1000 cycles), and low cost.…”

Defect Chemistry in Zn3V4(PO4)6

“…The most promising cathode material that has attracted many researchers is MnO 2 due to its crystal structure and different oxidation states of Mn [27,28]. Other cathode materials studied so far include vanadium oxides [29], Prussian blue analogs [30], spinel-structured oxides [31], and organic materials [32].…”