Pruning Date and Cane Density Affect Primocane Development and Yield of `Autumn Bliss' Red Raspberry

Oliveira, P.B.; Oliveira, Cristina M.; Monteiro, António A.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.39.3.520

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…x Any two means within a column not followed by the same letter are significantly different at P £ 0.05 with Fisher's protected least significant difference procedure. w The double berries exaggerated the average berry size for 'Autumn Britten' in 2008. tipping has been used to increase the yield or extend the fruiting season in mild climates for raspberry and blackberries (Oliveira et al, 1996(Oliveira et al, , 1998(Oliveira et al, , 2004Thompson et al, 2009). Pruning and tipping was not attempted in this trial except for a few of the 'Caroline' plants that were reaching the high tunnel roof.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primocane-fruiting Raspberry Production in High Tunnels in a Cold Region of the Upper Midwestern United States

Yao

Rosen

2011

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Five primocane raspberry (Rubus idaeus) cultivars were evaluated in a high tunnel and in the field at Grand Rapids, MN, which is located in U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) plant hardiness zone 3b. Bare root plants of five cultivars (Autumn Bliss, Autumn Britten, Caroline, Joan J, and Polana) were planted in the high tunnel and in the field, each with a randomized complete block design at 2 × 5.2-ft spacing on 8 May and 14 May 2008, respectively. A propane heater was used periodically for frost protection in the high tunnel. All five cultivars overwintered well and primocanes emerged with minor or no winter damage in the high tunnel in 2009. The high tunnel extended the growing season for ≈4 weeks in both years. Raspberry plants in the high tunnel produced higher yield than those in the field, total 154 lb (6655 lb/acre) from the high tunnel vs. 0.5 lb (43 lb/acre) from the field in 2008 and 379 lb (16,378 lb/acre) vs. 80 lb (3457 lb/acre) in 2009. ‘Caroline’ and ‘Polana’ had higher yields than ‘Autumn Bliss’; ‘Joan J’ and ‘Autumn Britten’ yields were intermediate and not different from ‘Caroline’, ‘Polana’, or ‘Autumn Bliss’ yields. In terms of harvest date, ‘Polana’ was the earliest among the five cultivars tested, followed by ‘Autumn Britten’, ‘Autumn Bliss’, and ‘Joan J’. ‘Caroline’ was the latest. Essential nutrients in leaves for all cultivars both in the field and in the high tunnel were within sufficient ranges. Spider mites (Tetranychidae) and raspberry sawflies (Monophanoides geniculatus) were the major insect problems. In conclusion, primocane-fruiting raspberries can be successfully grown in high tunnels and produce substantially higher yields than in field plantations in northern Minnesota or areas with similar climatic conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primocane-fruiting Raspberry Production in High Tunnels in a Cold Region of the Upper Midwestern United States

Yao

Rosen

2011

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“…Similar results have been reported in primocane-fruiting raspberry. In Portugal, Oliveira et al (1996Oliveira et al ( , 1998Oliveira et al ( , 2004 found that cutting primocanefruiting raspberries to the ground in July and August extended the harvest season to December and January, but low light and temperature limited yields. Biomass removal (cutting) of actively growing primocanes during the summer likely removed a large amount of soluble protein and carbohydrate photoassimilates in the whole plant system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primocane-fruiting blackberries may offer the advantage of extending the harvest into the fall and winter months, particularly in milder climates (average annual minimum temperature -12°C or greater; Strik and Thompson, 2009). Oliveira et al (1996Oliveira et al ( , 1998Oliveira et al ( , 2004 and Jordan and Ince (1986) have shown that harvest of primocane-fruiting raspberry can easily be delayed in production systems that include summer pruning of primocanes, tipping, and tunnel protection. With the use of greenhouses, scheduling primocane-fruiting raspberry for year-round production is possible (Dale et al, 2001(Dale et al, , 2005 and often includes the combination of floricane-and primocane-fruiting cultivars (Dijkstra and Scholtens, 1993;Faby, 1993;Hamminga, 1995;Oliveira et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

High Tunnel versus Open Field: Management of Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Using Pruning and Tipping to Increase Yield and Extend the Fruiting Season

Thompson¹,

Strik²,

Finn³

et al. 2009

horts

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Primocane-fruiting blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) may offer opportunities for season extension and off-season fruit production, particularly in mild climates with protected culture. In May 2005, plants of ‘Prime-Jan’® were established at the Oregon State University–North Willamette Research and Extension Center, Aurora, OR. Half of the planting was established under a high tunnel and the remainder planted in an adjacent open field. In 2006 to 2007, primocanes were subjected to four treatments to promote branching and/or delay harvest: 1) all primocanes within the plot were cut to the ground when averaging 0.25 m tall, then later emerging canes soft-tipped when reaching 0.5 m tall (C0.25m/T0.5m); 2) all primocanes within the plot were cut to the ground when averaging 0.5 m tall, then later emerging canes soft-tipped when reaching 0.5 m (C0.5m/T0.5m); 3) primocanes double-tipped: all primocanes within the plot were soft-tipped when averaging 0.5 m tall with subsequent lateral branches then soft-tipped when reaching 0.5 m long (T0.5m/Tb0.5m); and 4) primocanes were soft-tipped when averaging 0.5 m tall (T0.5m; control). The tunnel was covered with plastic from 5 Sept. 2006 and 31 Aug. 2007, ≈1 to 2 weeks before harvest until the end of harvest to protect fruit from inclement weather. On average, fruit harvest began on 12 Sept. in the open field and tunnel, but lasted ≈3 weeks longer in the tunnel, ending on 16 Nov., on average. Primocanes that were double-tipped had nearly twice the flowers and fruit than canes that were soft-tipped only once (T0.5m; control). In the tunnel, cumulative yield of double-tipped primocanes averaged 10.7 t·ha−1 in 2006 and 19.3 t·ha−1 in 2007, a 267% and 159% increase compared with the control, respectively. On average, cumulative yield for all treatments was less in the open field than in the tunnel, although cultural systems could not be compared statistically. Harvest was not delayed in the C0.25m/T0.5m treatment in 2006 compared with the control and the double-tipped treatments; however, in 2007, harvest was delayed by 2 weeks in C0.25m/T0.5m. In contrast, harvest was delayed by ≈4 weeks when primocanes were cut to the ground at 0.5 m (C0.5m/T0.5m). Primocanes that were double-tipped produced heavier fruit than other treatments (33% heavier than the control, on average). Double-tipped primocanes did not have more ovules per flower, but had significantly more drupelets set compared with the control. In addition, plants growing under the tunnel tended to produce heavier fruit (32%, on average) than those grown in the open field. Harvest date affected fruit pH in 2006, but not in 2007. In 2006, fruit pH was highest in the early season. All other differences in fruit chemistry were not significant. The pruning and tipping systems used here increased yield and offered options for season extension.

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“…Usually primocanes (vegetative) and floricanes (reproductive) are present at the same time. This complex system is highly plastic because the various plant parts compete with each other and can compensate for changes (Fernandez and Pritts, 1994;Oliveira et al, 2004;Snyder and Richey, 1930;Waister and Wright, 1989;Whitney, 1982). Early reports on carbohydrate movement in the raspberry plant associate increased carbohydrates in the Fall with phloem breakdown (Brierley and Landon, 1936).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pruning date and intensity can be combined to delay the harvest date of a particular cultivar, but the competition between fruiting and vegetative growth under limiting light conditions does not allow commercial fruit production after December in southwest Portugal (Oliveira et al, 1996(Oliveira et al, , 1998. Apparently, summer pruning is detrimental to plant carbohydrate reserves because photosynthetically active leaves are removed and fruiting occurs under limiting light conditions (Oliveira et al, 2004). Canopy management to manipulate light penetration is a routine management practice to raise and stabilize yields and also to improve fruit quality (Oliveira et al, 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dry Matter Partitioning, Carbohydrate Composition, Protein Reserves, and Fruiting in ‘Autumn Bliss’ Red Raspberry Vary in Response to Pruning Date and Cane Density

Oliveira¹,

Silva²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2007

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In a 2-year experiment (1994 and 1995), plants of primocane-fruiting red raspberry cultivar ‘Autumn Bliss’ grown in a plastic greenhouse were destructively harvested at different growth stages to determine the effect of pruning date and cane density on dry matter distribution, carbohydrate concentration, and soluble protein concentration in different plant parts. Three summer-pruning dates (early, mid, and late July) and four cane densities (8, 16, 24, and 32 canes/m row) were imposed. Relative root biomass decreased from pruning to first flower stage and remained constant thereafter for all pruning dates. Earlier pruning dates corresponded to earlier fruit production, but yield was significantly reduced on later pruning dates and higher cane densities. Sucrose concentration was higher in fine roots than in suberized roots and had a slight decrease during flowering and the beginning of harvest. Soluble protein concentrations did not differ significantly between pruning dates. Reserve carbohydrates in the root system were unaffected by pruning and cane density, and were rapidly used during active vegetative growth, began to recover just after bloom, and were fully recovered at the end of the season. Our experiment suggested that in red raspberry plants grown under poor environmental conditions, current yield is reduced but there is enough carbohydrate accumulation to support next year's growth.

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Pruning Date and Cane Density Affect Primocane Development and Yield of `Autumn Bliss' Red Raspberry

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Primocane-fruiting Raspberry Production in High Tunnels in a Cold Region of the Upper Midwestern United States

Primocane-fruiting Raspberry Production in High Tunnels in a Cold Region of the Upper Midwestern United States

High Tunnel versus Open Field: Management of Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Using Pruning and Tipping to Increase Yield and Extend the Fruiting Season

Dry Matter Partitioning, Carbohydrate Composition, Protein Reserves, and Fruiting in ‘Autumn Bliss’ Red Raspberry Vary in Response to Pruning Date and Cane Density

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