Prowashonupana barley dietary fibre reduces body fat and increases insulin sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans model

Abstract

Prowashonupana barley (PWB) is high in β-glucan with moderate content of resistant starch. PWB reduced intestinal fat deposition (IFD) in wild type Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans, N2), and in sir-2.1 or daf-16 null mutants, and sustained a surrogate marker of lifespan, pharyngeal pumping rate (PPR), in N2, sir-2.1, daf-16, or daf-16/daf-2 mutants. Hyperglycaemia (2% glucose) reversed or reduced the PWB effect on IFD in N2 or daf-16/daf-2 mutants with a sustained PPR. mRNA expression of cpt-1, cpt-2, ckr-1, and gcy-8 were dose-dependently reduced in N2 or daf-16 mutants, elevated in daf-16/daf-2 mutants with reduction in cpt-1, and unchanged in sir-2.1 mutants. mRNA expressions were increased by hyperglycaemia in N2 or daf-16/daf-2 mutants, while reduced in sir-2.1 or daf-16 mutants. The effects of PWB in the C. elegans model appeared to be primarily mediated via sir-2.1, daf-16, and daf-16/daf-2. These data suggest that PWB and β-glucans may benefit hyperglycaemia-impaired lipid metabolism.

Lower Doses of Fructose Extend Lifespan inCaenorhabditis elegans

“…Lifespan was reduced in the glucose treated group as previously reported (Lee et al, 2009, Gao et al, 2015a, Gao et al, 2015b). Here we report a biphasic effect of fructose increasing lifespan at lower doses and shortening lifespan at a higher dose.…”

“…In the C. elegans model, glucose as low as 0.1% (5.5 mM) is sufficient to decrease lifespan by decreasing expression of the DAF-16/FOXO gene, a homologue of the human gene FOXO, which regulates lifespan, mediates lipid metabolism, regulates insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathways, and controls heat shock transcription factor (HSF-1) activity (Ogg et al, 1997, Lin et al, 2001, Lee et al, 2009, Solis and Petrascheck, 2011, Zheng et al, 2014, Gao et al, 2015a, Gao et al, 2015b, Koutoukidis et al, 2015). C. elegans is a small, multicellular, transparent, free-living, soil nematode that has a completely sequenced genome and conserves 65% of the genes associated with human disease (Fei et al, 2004, Hostetler et al, 2008, Koutoukidis et al, 2015).…”

Genotype × environment interaction and stability of β‐glucan content in barley in the Palouse region of eastern Washington

“…The crop source of β‐glucan should be considered when determining dosage, as the weight, solubility, and viscosity of the β‐glucan impacts its effect on digestion (Regand, Chowdhury, Tosh, Wolever, & Wood, 2011). Barley varieties have been reported with β‐glucan content between 2 and 11% (w/w), and one variety, Prowashonupana, contains 17% (Bamforth, 1982; Gao et al., 2015; Islamovic et al., 2013; Rendell et al., 2005). Processing has been shown to affect β‐glucan content in barley.…”

Molecular Mechanism of Functional Ingredients in Barley to Combat Human Chronic Diseases

“…GBSS I is mainly responsible for amylose synthesis whereas SSS I and SBE II for amylopectin synthesis in amyloplasts [167]. Barley with high β-glucan and moderate RS may benefit hyperglycemia-impaired lipid metabolism [168]. The blending of barley starch citrate with resistant starch IV up to 20% can produce noodles of acceptable quality and numerous health benefits [169].…”