Provision of Inertial and Primary Frequency Control Services Using Offshore Multiterminal HVDC Networks

Silva, Bernardo; Moreira, Carlos; Seca, Luís; Phulpin, Yannick; Lopes, João

doi:10.1109/tste.2012.2199774

Cited by 200 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…5. Two droop control strategies are proposed in [13] with the operating mode dependent on the status of the system frequency. If the system frequency is stable and only has small frequency variations, the controller uses a standard active power-Vdc droop control.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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VSC-HVDC for Frequency Support (a review)

Fradley

Preece²,

Barnes³

2017

13th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2017)

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To reduce CO2 emissions produced by electricity generation, conventional fossil fuel power plants are being decommissioned. Renewable energy sources (RES) and interconnectors are replacing these old power plants but have different operating characteristics. A key concern as the conventional fossil fuel power plants are displaced is the reduction in system inertia. A reduction in system inertia will require faster control schemes to be implemented to prevent frequency and rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) limits from being exceeded. Frequency response schemes that can emulate inertia, often called synthetic inertia, are required and this will necessitate the need for fast controlled devices. VSC-HVDC is a desirable interface option for the power levels and controllability required to provide synthetic inertia. This paper reviews supplementary frequency control schemes applied to VSC-HVDC and co-ordinated control strategies applicable to HVDC connected systems and islanded systems.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of two droop operating modes is presented in [13] that allows each terminal to operate optimally based on the characteristics of the asynchronous networks. Control of power exchange is discussed in [36] and [37].…”

Section: Multi Terminal DC Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

VSC-HVDC for Frequency Support (a review)

Fradley

Preece²,

Barnes³

2017

13th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2017)

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show abstract

“…Silva et al [73] propose a modified droop control in order to regulate the frequency in the AC grids by means of the DC voltage control. This scheme aims at providing fast and slow primary frequency response without communications.…”

Section: Control For Ancillary Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of multi-terminal HVDC networks towards wind power integration: A review

Bianchi

Domínguez‐García

Gomis‐Bellmunt

2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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More interconnections among countries and synchronous areas are foreseen in order to fulfil the EU 2050 Target on the renewable generation share. One proposal to accomplish this challenging objective is the development of the socalled European SuperGrid. Multi-terminal HVDC networks are emerging as the most promising technologies to develop such a concept. Moreover, multiterminal HVDC grids are based on highly controllable devices, which may allow not only transmitting power, but also supporting the AC grids to ensure a secure and stable operation. This article aims to present an overview of different control schemes for multi-terminal HVDC grids, including the control of the power converters and the controls for power sharing and the provision of ancillary services. The article also analyses the proposed modifications of the existing control schemes to manage high participation shares of wind power generation in multi-terminal grids.

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“…In another sense, the lack of frequency support to ac areas becomes its boundary. For VSC station that is connected to a low-inertia ac grid, the frequency support is needed [13][14][15][16]. A secondary control architecture for MTDC grids incorporating load frequency control is proposed in [17], thus the power order of VSCs can be set taking into account the ac grid frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unified reference controller for flexible primary control and inertia sharing in multi‐terminal voltage source converter‐HVDC grids

Rouzbehi

Zhang

Candela

et al. 2017

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

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Multi-terminal dc (MTDC) grids are expected to be built and experience rapid expansion in the near future as they have emerged as a competitive solution for transmitting offshore wind generation and overlaying their ac counterpart. The concept of inertia sharing for the control and operation of MTDC grids, which can be achieved by the proposed unified reference controller. The control objectives of the MTDC grids voltage source converter (VSC) stations are no longer limited to the stabilisation of MTDC grid, instead, the requirements of ac side are also met. The interaction dynamics between the ac and dc grid is analysed to illustrate the proposed concept. In addition, the voltage source converter stations can work in different operation modes based on the proposed unified control structure, and can switch among the operation modes smoothly following the secondary control commands. Simulation results exhibit the merits and satisfactory performance of the proposed control strategy for stable MTDC grid operation.

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Provision of Inertial and Primary Frequency Control Services Using Offshore Multiterminal HVDC Networks

Cited by 200 publications

References 19 publications

VSC-HVDC for Frequency Support (a review)

VSC-HVDC for Frequency Support (a review)

Control of multi-terminal HVDC networks towards wind power integration: A review

Unified reference controller for flexible primary control and inertia sharing in multi‐terminal voltage source converter‐HVDC grids

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